Francis Smith of Warwick (1672–1738) was an English master-builder and architect, much involved in the construction of country houses in the Midland counties of England. Smith of Warwick may refer also to his brothers, or his son.
Architectural work
The county town of Warwick had been devastated by a fire in September 1694, and the projects involved in its rebuilding gave the Smith brothers their first prominence, which they retained for decades by a universal reputation for scrupulous honesty and competence. Howard Colvin, plotting their known commissions on a map, remarked that nearly all of them lay within a fifty-mile radius of their mason's yard, the "Marble House" in Warwick.
The antiquary Daines Barrington noted in 1784, after viewing several Smith of Warwick houses, found "all of them convenient and handsome" despite changes in taste.Quoted in Colvin 1995. Colvin summarised the elements by which a Smith house is easily recognizable: three storeys, with the central three bays emphasized by a slight projection or recession; uniform fenestration with exterior detail confined to keystones, architraves, quoins and a balustraded parapet, which was the most significant modernisation of a formula derived in essence from the late seventeenth-century model typified by Belton House. In the plans there was invariably a hall backed by a saloon in the centre, with a staircase set to one side. In spite of some splendid effects achieved by plasterwork and joinery, Colvin noted that "the spatial effects are simple and unenterprising".
Four exceptional houses did not conform to these conventions. They were Kedleston (demolished and replaced by the celebrated Robert Adam house); Chicheley Hall with William Kent, doubtless in part the design of its owner Sir John Chester, and his virtuosi friends;Colvin 1995. Stoneleigh Abbey, "a somewhat inept attempt to use a giant order in the grand baroque manner" (Colvin) and Sutton Scarsdale (stripped of its interiors in the 1920s), where Colvin, comparing its assurance with Stoneleigh's "gauche" crowded windows and "leggy pilasters", suspected some intervention by James Gibbs.
Andor Gomme has identified several churches which had Francis Smith’s architectural input, of which four survive in use with Smith’s contribution reasonably intact; namely All Saints, Gainsborough, Lincs. (all except tower), St Nicholas Alcester, Warks. (nave), All Saints, Lamport, Northants. (chancel) and St Botolph's, Sibson, Leics. The first two, with their Corinthian and Doric columns respectively and plastered ceilings, display Smith’s adoption of the Palladian style, as influenced by Gibbs.
Family William Smith of Warwick (1661–1724), master builder trained as a bricklayer, was brother to Francis Smith:'Newcastle-under-Lyme: Churches', A History of the County of Stafford: Volume 8 (1963), pp. 16–24. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=53357. Date accessed: 10 April 2008. the brothers, who often worked in partnership and with the third brother Richard, were sons of a bricklayer and master builder, Francis Smith, of The Wergs, near Tettenhall, Staffordshire. By the time of William's death in 1724 they had become the most prominent designers and builders of houses in the Midlands.
Francis joined his brother William in the reconstruction of St Mary's Church, Warwick, but later oversaw the project of the new courthouse. Francis served on the Town Corporation in the 1720s and was the head of maintenance during the 1730s until he died in 1738.
William Smith of Warwick (1705–1747) was the next generation in the firm, son of Francis.From: 'Thame : Topography, m, anors and estates', A History of the County of Oxford: Volume 7: Dorchester and Thame hundreds (1962), pp. 160–178. URL: https://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=63775. Date accessed: 10 April 2008. The business passed to William and David Hiorn.From: 'The borough of Warwick: Economic and social history, 1545–1835', A History of the County of Warwick: Volume 8: The City of Coventry and Borough of Warwick (1969), pp. 504–514. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=16055. Date accessed: 10 April 2008.
Craftsmen
He was a major employer, and some of his craftsmen were individually credited on a lead plaque formerly at Sutton Scarsdale:
Thomas Eborall, joiner Joshua Needham, plasterer Edward Poynton of Nottingham, stone carverJohn Newman, Nikolaus Pevsner, Shropshire (2006), p. 146. John Wilkes, door furniture
Another craftsman and architect who worked under Smith was William Baker of Audlem, who was employed as a carpenter by Smith at Ditchley in Oxfordshire in 1727, and later developed an extensive architectural practice in Shropshire and StaffordshireColvin H. A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 1600–1840 Yale University Press, 3rd edition London, 1995, 93 A further architect and builder associated with the Smiths was Abraham Hayward, who came from Whitchurch, where Smith had built St Alkmund's Church. The Smiths employed Hayward on the re-building of St Peter at Arches Church, Lincoln, where Hayward was to stay and work as an architect.
Buildings (designed or worked on)
Acton Round Hall All Saints Church, Gainsborough, Lincolnshire Church of All Saints, Lamport, Northamptonshire Aston Hall, Birmingham 1735, attributed Buntingsdale Hall, Shropshire c.1721, attributed to John Prince and Smith Calke Abbey, Derbyshire 1727 with James GibbsNikolaus Pevsner, Elizabeth Williamson, Derbyshire (1978), p. 119. Chicheley Hall with William Kent, 1719–1723 Chillington Hall, Staffordshire Cottesbrooke Hall, attributed Davenport House, Worfield, Shropshire c. 1727 Derby Cathedral, with James Gibbs, 1723–1725Nikolaus Pevsner, Elizabeth Williamson, Derbyshire (1978), p. 168. Ditchley Park, Oxfordshire Dudmaston Hall, 1695–1701 Fawsley Hall, Northamptonshire Hereford Cathedral Heythrop Hall, 1707–1713Andor Gomme, Smith and Rossi, Architectural History, Vol. 35, (1992), pp. 183–191. Kelmarsh Hall with James Gibbs, 1732 Kemerton Court, attributed Kirtlington House Lamport Hall c.1732 Leeswood Hall, Leeswood, Flintshire
Locko Park, Derbyshire 1725–1730 Mason Croft, Stratford upon Avon, Warwickshire. Mawley Hall, Shropshire 1730 Melbourne Hall, Derbyshire Ombersley Court, WorcestershireNikolaus Pevsner, Alan Brooks, Worcestershire (2007), p. 508. Preston-on-the-Weald Moors Hospital, Shropshire, 1720–1726, attributedJohn Newman, Nikolaus Pevsner, Shropshire (2006), p. 54. Shardeloes St Alkmund's Church, Whitchurch, Shropshire St Botolph's Church, Sibson, Leicestershire St Mary’s Priory Church, Monmouth, 1732St Mary's Church, Monmouth St Modwen's Church, Burton upon TrentFrom: 'Burton-upon-Trent: Established church', A History of the County of Stafford: Volume 9: Burton-upon-Trent (2003), pp. 107–130. URL: http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=12339. Date accessed: 10 April 2008. St Nicholas Church, Alcester, Warks, 1729 St Peter at Arches Church, Lincoln c1720-24 Stanford Hall, Leicestershire Stanwick Hall, Northamptonshire Stoneleigh Abbey, Warwickshire 1714–1728Joan Thirsk, Peter J. Bowden, Christopher Clay, M. W. Barley, John Chartres, Chapters from the Agrarian history of England and Wales, 1500–1750 (1989), p. 123. Sutton Scarsdale House, Derbyshire Umberslade Hall, 1695–1700 Warwick Court House
References Howard Colvin, A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 1600–1840, 3rd ed. (Yale University Press) 1995, s.v. "Smith, Francis". Andor Gomme (2000), Smith of Warwick. Francis Smith, Architect and Master-Builder
Notes
External links Posthumous bust by Michael Rysbrack, 1741, from the Radcliffe Camera.