Turchaninov is a Russian surname. It originated from the archaic word turchanin (), meaning "Turk".

It which may refer to:

Turchaninov family, a noble family in the Russian Empire. Alexei Turchaninov (1704/1705–1787) Pyotr Ivanovitch Turchaninov (born 1746–c. 1823), Secretary of State on military questions of Catherine I of Russia. He had two sons: Pavel Turchaninov (1776—1839), Russian lieutenant general during the Napoleonic Wars. Andrey Turchaninov (1779–1830), his younger brother, the lieutenant general. Nikolai Turczaninow or Turchaninov (1796-1863), botanist Lev Chernyi, born Pavel Dimitrievich Turchaninov (c. 1878–1921), Russian anarchist, activist and poet, and a leading figure of the Third Russian Revolution Ivan Turchaninov (1821-1901), Union Army general in the American Civil War

See also