Raymond Jean Bourque (born December 28, 1960) is a Canadian-American former professional ice hockey player. He holds records for most career goals, assists, and points by a defenceman in the National Hockey League (NHL). He won the James Norris Memorial Trophy as the NHL's best defenceman five times, while finishing second for that trophy a further six times. He also twice finished second in the voting for the Hart Memorial Trophy, a rarity for a defenceman. He was named to the end-of-season All-Star teams 19 times (second only to Gordie Howe's 21 selections), with a record 13 on the first-team and six on the second-team.
Bourque became nearly synonymous with the Boston Bruins franchise, for which he played 21 seasons and became Boston's longest-serving captain. Bourque finished his career with the Colorado Avalanche, with whom he won his only Stanley Cup championship in his final NHL game. He is often considered one of the best offensive defenseman in NHL history, and in 2017, he was named one of the 100 Greatest NHL Players. Following his retirement his #77 was retired by both the Bruins and the Avalanche. Bourque also played with Canada for three Canada Cups and in the 1998 Winter Olympics, the latter being the first time that active NHL players were eligible to participate.
Since his retirement Bourque has been involved in many philanthropic activities in the New England area and also owns an Italian restaurant in Boston.
Early life Bourque was born in Saint-Laurent, Quebec, the son of Raymond Bourque Sr. and Anita Allain.Raymond J. Bourque - Obituary Frenette Funeral HomeRay Bourque’s father, 79, dies Boston.com - April 1, 2009 Both of his parents were originally from New Brunswick, and moved to Montreal in the 1950s. His mother died from cancer when he was 12 years old, while his father died in 2009. Bourque was raised bilingual, speaking both English and French at home, though he went to a French school. He began playing hockey at the age of 5, and dropped out of school at the age of 15 to devote all his time to his junior team, the Verdun Black Hawks.
Playing career Early career Bourque was the third-round pick of the Trois-Rivières Draveurs of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL; now known as the Quebec Maritimes Junior Hockey League). Halfway through his rookie season, head coach and general manager (GM) Michel Bergeron traded Bourque to Sorel for high-scoring Benoît Gosselin. After a stellar junior career with Sorel and Verdun of the QMJHL, in which he was named the league's best defenceman in 1978 and 1979, Bourque was drafted eighth overall by the Bruins in the 1979 NHL Entry Draft, with a first-round draft choice obtained from the Los Angeles Kings in a 1977 trade for goaltender Ron Grahame. Boston GM Harry Sinden had intended to select defenceman Keith Brown, but Brown was selected by the Chicago Blackhawks immediately prior to Boston's selection. Panicking, the Bruins settled on Bourque, allegedly against their better judgment.Good and lucky at NHL draft
Boston Bruins
Rise to prominence (1979–1985) Bourque made an immediate impact in Boston during his rookie season of 1979–80, scoring a goal in his first game while facing the Winnipeg Jets. Bourque played all 80 games his rookie year scoring 17 goals and 48 assists and quickly asserted himself from the start as one of the best defensemen in the league, winning both the Calder Memorial Trophy as Rookie of the Year and a First Team All-Star selection, the first time in NHL history a rookie non-goaltender had ever achieved the distinction. His 65 points that season was a record at the time for a rookie defenseman. The following year in 1980-81 Bourque missed part of the season with broken jaw, he suffered during a Nov. 11, 1980, game at vs Detroit. He still played in 67 games scoring 27 goals and 29 assists as the Bruins lost in the first round of the playoffs. Despite the injury Bourque was named to the Second Team All-Star at the end of the season.
From here, Bourque continued to shine for the Bruins, proving his rookie season was no fluke. During the offseason Bourque signed a multiyear contract extension with the Bruins on July 15, 1981. The following season quickly established himself as one of the league's top defensemen while also contributing outstanding offensive numbers. Once again in 1981-82 Bourque missed a portion of the season due to a shoulder injury he suffered in October. Following his return he helped lead the team back to the postseason scoring 17 goals and 49 assists while also being named an NHL first team All-Star for a second time. The Bruins beat Buffalo in the first round, however during a second round matchup vs Quebec he fractured his wrist while checking against Andre Dupont resulting in him missing the rest of the series.
During the offseason Bourque suffered more injuries as he re-fractured his wrist while playing a softball game in Montreal however he was able to recover. He then suffered one more injury prior to the 1982-83 season during the team's final preseason game when he was struck by a puck while going to the bench. This resulted in him missing the first month of the season. Following his return the injury led to him wearing a face shield for the first time in his career. During a game vs. the Quebec Nordiques Bourque recorded his first and only hat trick of his career, scoring all 3 goals in the second period in a 11-5 Bruins victory. Despite all the injuries Bourque ended up having his best statistical season up to that point. Scoring 70+ points for the first time in his career with 22 goals and 51 assists. During the postseason Bourque led all defensemen 23 points helping lead the Bruins all way to the conference semifinals where they were defeated by the New York Islanders. Bourque was once again named to a Second Team NHL All-Star.
The 1983–84 season became Bourque's best statistical season, as he scored a career-high 31 goals and 96 points. He led all defensemen in points that season, was named a First Team NHL All-Star and finished 5th in voting for the Hart Memorial Trophy. However the Bruins lost in the opening round of the playoffs. During the 1984-85 season Bourque went 17 consecutive games with a point the 5th longest streak by a defenseman in the history of the NHL. Bourque finished the year with 86 points 10 less than the previous year however he was named an NHL First Team All-Star for a second consecutive year. He also finished runner up to Paul Coffey for the Norris Trophy. The Bruins were once again first round exits in the playoffs. During the offseason Bourque signed a 6-year contract extension with the Bruins worth 2-3 million making him the highest paid defenseman in the league.
Captaincy, Stanley Cup appearances and Norris Trophy wins (1985–1996)
In 1985, upon the retirement of Bruins' captain Terry O'Reilly to coach the club, Bourque and veteran Rick Middleton were named co-captains of the team, Middleton to wear the "C" during home games and Bourque for road games. That season Bourque played 74 games scoring 19 goals and 58 assists he and Bruins once again were first round exits in the playoffs. He also earned his third Second Team NHL All Star Selection.
During the 1986-87 Bourque came one point shy of tying his career best in points scoring 95 (23 goals 72 assists). He led all defensemen in scoring and won his first Norris Trophy as the leagues best defenseman. He also finished as runner up to Wayne Gretzky for the Hart Memorial Trophy. Despite Bourque's terrific season the Bruins lost to Montreal in the first round of the playoffs. He was then named a First NHL Team All-Star for a sixth time.
The following year in 1987-88 Bourque broke Bobby Orr's record for most consecutive games with a point scored by a Bruins defenseman with 19. This is also the second most in NHL history behind Paul Coffey who scored in 28 straight games during the 1985–86 season. Bourque played in 78 games and scoring 17 goals and 64 assists for 81 total points. This resulted in him repeating as the Norris Trophy winner. During the postseason Bourque led all defensive in points with 21 and helped the Bruins reach the 1988 Stanley Cup Finals, in which they were ultimately defeated by the Edmonton Oilers.
Upon Rick Middleton's retirement in 1988, Bourque became the team's sole captain, and retained the position for the remainder of his Bruins' tenure. In so doing, he passed Dit Clapper as the longest-tenured Bruins' captain in history, as well as passing Alex Delvecchio of the Detroit Red Wings as the longest-serving team captain in NHL history, a mark since surpassed by Steve Yzerman of the Red Wings. That season Bourque missed 20 games with sprained ligaments in left knee, which he suffered when he collided with Michel Petit during a game on December 10, 1988, vs. the New York Rangers. Bourque was still selected as an NHL Second Team All-Star scoring 18 goals and 43 assists for 61 points. The Bruins were eliminated in the second round of the playoffs.
During the 1989-90 season Bourque had a career performance during a game on February 18, 1990 vs. Vancouver when he scored 6 points (1 goal and 5 assists) in a Bruins 7-2 victory. played in 76 games scoring 84 points (19 goals and 65) assists. For his efforts he won his third Norris Trophy and finished second to Mark Messier in 1990 in the closest race ever for the Hart Memorial Trophy with Messier winning by two singular votes. Bourque earned another First Team All-Star nod, as he helped lead the Bruins to their first Presidents' Trophy with the leagues best record. He scored 17 points during the playoffs to help the Bruins reach the 1990 Stanley Cup Finals however just like two years prior they were defeated by Edmonton.
During the offseason Bourque signed a four-year contract extension with the Bruins worth 1.1 million a year once again making him the highest paid defenseman in the league. In 1990-91 Bourque had his third 90+ point season scoring 21 goals and tallying a career high 73 assists. In addition he broke Bobby Orr's Bruins record for career points by a defenseman when he scored his 889th point on January 24, 1991. During a game on March 21, vs. the Quebec Nordiques Bourque had an NHL record 19 shots on goal, scoring one in a 3–3 tie. Borque also won back to back Norris Trophy's for the second time in his career marking his fourth total. During the postseason Bourque became Boston's all-time playoff points leader with an assist on April 21, 1991, vs. Montreal. Breaking Phil Esposito's record of 102. However he and the Bruins lost in the conference finals to the eventual Cup champions Pittsburgh Penguins.
Bourque continued to make even more history the following year in 1991-92, broke Bobby Orr's Bruins record for career goals by a defenseman when he scored his 271st goal on January 22, 1992. The following month he scored his 1,000th career point during Boston's February 29, game vs. the Washington Capitals, becoming just the third defenseman in league history to achieve the milestone. He played in all 80 games that year scoring 81 points (21 goals and 61 assists). However he missed the end of the Bruins postseason run due to a broken finger, and the Bruins lost the conference finals to the Penguins who went on to defend their Cup. He also finished runner up to Brian Leetch for the Norris Trophy.