The United States's Toggle nuclear test series was a group of 28 nuclear tests conducted in 1972–1973. These testsA bomb test may be a salvo test, defined as two or more explosions "where a period of time between successive individual explosions does not exceed 5 seconds and where the burial points of all explosive devices can be connected by segments of straight lines, each of them connecting two burial points and does not exceed 40 kilometers in length". followed the Operation Grommet series and preceded the Operation Arbor series.

Shots Diamond Sculls Diamond Sculls was a horizontal line-of-sight (HLOS) nuclear test. Its purpose was to test the radiation hardness of the LIM-49 Spartan anti-ballistic missile. It was the largest HLOS test conducted by the United States, consisting of a diameter test chamber and a line-of-sight pipe.

List of the nuclear tests + United States' Toggle series tests and detonations Name The US, France and Great Britain have code-named their test events, while the USSR and China did not, and therefore have only test numbers (with some exceptions – Soviet peaceful explosions were named). Word translations into English in parentheses unless the name is a proper noun. A dash followed by a number indicates a member of a salvo event. The US also sometimes named the individual explosions in such a salvo test, which results in "name1 – 1(with name2)". If test is canceled or aborted, then the row data like date and location discloses the intended plans, where known. Date time (UT) Local time zoneTo convert the UT time into standard local, add the number of hours in parentheses to the UT time; for local daylight saving time, add one additional hour. If the result is earlier than 00:00, add 24 hours and subtract 1 from the day; if it is 24:00 or later, subtract 24 hours and add 1 to the day. Historical time zone data obtained from the IANA time zone database. LocationRough place name and a latitude/longitude reference; for rocket-carried tests, the launch location is specified before the detonation location, if known. Some locations are extremely accurate; others (like airdrops and space blasts) may be quite inaccurate. "~" indicates a likely pro-forma rough location, shared with other tests in that same area. Elevation + height Elevation is the ground level at the point directly below the explosion relative to sea level; height is the additional distance added or subtracted by tower, balloon, shaft, tunnel, air drop or other contrivance. For rocket bursts the ground level is "N/A". In some cases it is not clear if the height is absolute or relative to ground, for example, Plumbbob/John. No number or units indicates the value is unknown, while "0" means zero. Sorting on this column is by elevation and height added together. Delivery Atmospheric, airdrop, balloon, gun, cruise missile, rocket, surface, tower, and barge are all disallowed by the Partial Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. Sealed shaft and tunnel are underground, and remained useful under the PTBT. Intentional cratering tests are borderline; they occurred under the treaty, were sometimes protested, and generally overlooked if the test was declared to be a peaceful use.Purpose Include weapons development, weapon effects, safety test, transport safety test, war, science, joint verification and industrial/peaceful, which may be further broken down. DeviceDesignations for test items where known, "?" indicates some uncertainty about the preceding value, nicknames for particular devices in quotes. This category of information is often not officially disclosed. YieldEstimated energy yield in tons, kilotons, and megatons. A ton of TNT equivalent is defined as 4.184 gigajoules (1 gigacalorie). FalloutRadioactive emission to the atmosphere aside from prompt neutrons, where known. The measured species is only iodine-131 if mentioned, otherwise it is all species. No entry means unknown, probably none if underground and "all" if not; otherwise notation for whether measured on the site only or off the site, where known, and the measured amount of radioactivity released. References Notes Diamond Sculls 17:16:00.16 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U12t.02 – tunnel,weapon effect

Spartan missile hardness test. Atarque 13:30:00.06 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3ht – underground shaft,weapons development

Venting detected

Cebolla – 1 (with Cuchillo, Solano) 13:31:10.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3jc – underground shaft,weapons development

Venting detected

Simultaneous, separate holes. Cuchillo – 2 (with Cebolla, Solano) 13:31:10.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3jt – underground shaft,weapons development

Simultaneous, separate holes. Solano – 3 (with Cebolla, Cuchillo 13:31:10.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3jx + underground shaft,safety experiment

Simultaneous, separate holes. Oscuro 15:30:00.19 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U7z – underground shaft,weapons development

Delphinium 14:30:00.16 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2dp – underground shaft,weapons development

Akbar 15:15:00.16 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U10ax – underground shaft,weapons development

Arsenate 18:15:00.16 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U9ci – underground shaft,weapons development

Venting detected,

Canna-Limoges – 2 18:00:00.16 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U9itsyz26 + underground shaft,safety experiment

Simultaneous, same hole. Canna-Umbrinus – 1 18:00:00.16 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U9itsyz2 – underground shaft,weapons development

Simultaneous, same hole. Tuloso 16:30:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3gi – underground shaft,weapons development

Solanum 15:30:00.16 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U9itsw24 – underground shaft,weapons development

Venting detected

Flax-Source 20:15:00.24 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2dj – underground shaft,weapons development

Flax-Backup – 2 20:15:24.35 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2dj + underground shaft,weapon effect

Flax-Test – 1 20:15:24.35 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2dj – underground shaft,weapon effect

Alumroot 15:30:00.16 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U9cj – underground shaft,weapons development

Miera 16:10:00.19 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U7ad – underground shaft,weapons development

I-131 venting detected, 0

Gazook 20:15:00.17 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2do – underground shaft,weapons development

Venting detected,

Natoma 14:50:00.16 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U10aw – underground shaft,weapons development

Angus – 1 (with Velarde) 22:25:00.03 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3jg – underground shaft,weapons development

Venting detected,

Simultaneous, separate holes. Velarde – 2 (with Angus) 22:25:00.07 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3jk – underground shaft,weapons development

Venting detected,

Simultaneous, separate holes. Colmor 15:15:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3hv – underground shaft,weapons development

Venting detected

Starwort 17:15:00.16 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2bs – underground shaft,weapons development

Venting detected,

Mesita 13:30:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U3jd – underground shaft,weapons development

Venting detected

Rio Blanco – 1 16:00:00.12 MST (–7 hrs) near Rifle, Colorado – underground shaft,peaceful research

Operation Plowshare – AEC/Gas industry enhancement experiment. Simultaneous, same hole. Rio Blanco – 2 16:00:00.12 MST (–7 hrs) near Rifle, Colorado – underground shaft,peaceful research

Project Plowshare – AEC/Gas industry enhancement experiment. Simultaneous, same hole. Rio Blanco – 3 16:00:00.12 MST (–7 hrs) near Rifle, Colorado – underground shaft,peaceful research

Project Plowshare – AEC/Gas industry enhancement experiment. Simultaneous, same hole. Cabresto 13:30:00.04 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U7h – underground shaft,weapons development

Kashan 14:30:00.16 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U10av – underground shaft,weapons development

Venting detected,

Dido Queen 17:00:00.17 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U12e.14 – tunnel,weapon effect

Almendro 13:00:00.08 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U19v – – underground shaft,weapons development W87

Potrillo 14:45:00.08 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U7af – underground shaft,weapons development

Venting detected

Portulaca 19:15:12.4 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U2bv – underground shaft,weapons development

I-131 venting detected, 0

Silene 19:45:00.16 PST (–8 hrs) NTS Area U9ck – underground shaft,weapons development

References