Cherenkov (masculine, Russian: Черенков) or Cherenkova (feminine, Russian: Черенкова) is a Russian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Andrei Cherenkov (born 1976), Russian football manager and former player Fyodor Cherenkov (1959–2014), Soviet and Russian footballer Pavel Cherenkov (1904–1990), Soviet physicist
See also Cherenkov Array at Themis, an atmospheric Cherenkov imaging telescope Cherenkov detector, a particle detector Ring-imaging Cherenkov detector Cherenkov luminescence imaging Cherenkov radiation, particular occurrence of electromagnetic radiation Cherenkov Telescope Array, a multinational worldwide project High Altitude Water Cherenkov Experiment Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Technique Radio Ice Cherenkov Experiment Track Imaging Cherenkov Experiment