The Diocese of Amelia was a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy which was founded, probably, in the fifth century. In 1983, it was united aeque principaliter with the diocese of Terni e Narni. In 1986, both Narni and Amelia were suppressed, and their territories united in the reorganized diocese of Terni-Narni-Amelia. It became a suffragan of the archdiocese of Spoleto."Diocese of Amelia" Catholic-Hierarchy.org. David M. Cheney. Retrieved February 29, 2016."Diocese of Terni–Narni–Amelia" GCatholic.org. Gabriel Chow. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
History The ancient Amelia, or Ameria as it was called by both Greek and Latin sources, claimed to have been founded earlier than the Trojan War. Pliny the Elder, however, drawing on the work of Cato the Elder, attributes the foundation of Ameria to the Etruscan lucumo Ameroe.Fraikin, Dictionnaire..., p. 177. Pliny Naturalis Historia Book III, ch. 14. It was a Roman municipium in Umbria, as Cicero expounded in his defense speech Pro Roscio Amerino (80 BC). There was a Roman highway called the Via Amerina, which connected the Via Flaminia at Falerii to Perugia, by way of Castello Amerina and Ameria.Paulys Real-encyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft (ed. Georg Wissowa) second edition (Stuttgart: Metzler 1894) Vol. 1, part 2, p. 1826.
The Diocese of Amelia appears relatively late. Ferdinando Ughelli does mention a bishop Orthodolphus, whom he assigns to the year 344.Italia Sacra, Vol. 1, 2nd ed. (Venice, 1722), p. 296. Giuseppe Cappelletti and Francesco Lanzoni, however, are doubtful of the very name.Cappelletti V, p. 196. Lanzoni, pp. 418-419. Ughelli mentions also a bishop whom he names Stephen, of whom there is no trace in the evidence. Lanzoni is doubtful of his existence as well.Lanzoni, p. 419.
Bishop Hilarius of Amelia was present at the synod held at Rome on 14 November 465, by Pope Hilary.J.D. Mansi, Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima , Vol. 7 (Florence: A. Zatta 1762), p. 959. Cappelletti V, p. 196. Bishop Salustius was present at a synod held in S. Peter's Basilica on 1 March 499 under Pope Symmachus.J.D. Mansi, Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima , Vol. 8 (Florence: A. Zatta 1762), p. 235. Cappelletti V, p. 196. According to Ughelli, in the fifth century there was a Bishop of Amelia by name Sincerus. The Bollandists, however, show that the date of his episcopate is uncertain; there is question even of his very existence.Acta Sanctorum,June, III, 17.
Lombards The city of Amelia had some strategic importance during the eighth century. It was one of four towns (Amelia, Orte, Bomarzo, and Bieda) on the frontier between the Lombard kingdom of Pavia and the Duchy of Spoleto. Repeatedly drawn into the struggle between the Lombard power of Liutprand, who was allied with Charles Martel, in the centre of Italy, and the aggressive policy of the Iconoclast emperors of Byzantium, the towns were repeatedly forced to change masters.Jan T. Hallenbeck, "The Roman-Byzantine Reconciliation of 728: Genesis and Significance," Byzantinische Zeitschrift 74 (1981): 29-41. Hallenbeck. Pavia and Rome (1982), pp. 39-40. To check the growing power of Liutprand, the popes, in particular of Gregory II (715–731) and Pope Gregory III (731–741), offered their support to Duke Transamund II of Spoleto, driven from his duchy to seek protection in Rome,Noble, pp. 43-44. The price for papal support was the conquest of the four towns from Liutprand and their surrender to the Papacy.Noble, p. 45. In 740, with Transimund in exile, a temporary peace was patched up between Liutprand and Gregory III, which left Liutprand in control of the four towns.Noble, p. 48. Transamund failed in his mission, and was twice, in 738 and in 742,Thomas F.X. Noble, The Republic of St. Peter: The Birth of the Papal State, 680–825 (Philadelphia: U Pennsylvania Press 1984), pp. 45-48, 52, 97. Catholic Encyclopedia article
In February 742, the newly elected Pope Zacharias met King Liutprand at Terni, and agreed to a peace. Liutprand was requested to hand over the four towns to the Papacy, and he agreed to do so, apparently in the form of a gift from the king to S. Peter.Hallenbeck. Pavia and Rome (1982), p. 40. Louis Duchesne, Le Liber Pontificalis , Vol. 1 (Paris: Thorin 1886), pp. 427-428: "Cuius piis eloquiis flexus, in constantia sancti viri et ammonitione admiratus, omnia quaecumque ab eo petiit per gratia Spiritus sancti obtinuit , et praedictas IIII civitates quas ipse ante biennium per obsessione facta pro praedicto Trasimundo duce Spolitino abstulerat, eidem sancto cum eorum habitatoribus redonavit viro. Quas et per IX donationem firmavit in oratorio Salvatoris sito intro ecclesia beati Petri in eius nomine aedificato.... per donationis titulo ipso beato Petro apostolorum principi reconcessit; et pacem cum ducato Romano ipse rex in viginti confirmavit annos."
The diocese of Amelia was directly subject to the Papacy, until 1983.Eubel I, pp. 85; 540; II, pp. 86, 281; III, pp 103, 348. Gauchat, pp. 81 note 1; 386. Ritzler & Sefrin V, pp. 81 note 1, 427. Ritzler & Sefrin VI, pp. 79 note 1, 456.
Chapter and cathedral
The cathedral is dedicated to a Roman virgin Firmina, the daughter of a fictitious Prefect of the City of Rome called Calpurnius. She was martyred under Diocletian, and her body buried by one Honorius "not far from the 8th milestone from Ameria." Honorius also buried her near the sea in the town of Centumcellae. Her Passio is not earlier than the 6th century. Her remains, found in Amelia, were not discovered until the time of Pope Hadrian II (867–872) by Bishop Pasquale of Ameria.Lanzoni, pp. 417-418. Ughelli I, p. 295. There is a secondary dedication of the cathedral, to a S. Olympiades.Ritzler & Sefrin VI, p. 79, note 1. Hagiographies of the two saints were published as an appendix in the acts of the synod of 1595, written by Bishop Graziano: Dioec. synodus Amerina ab Antonio Maria episcopo habita 1595 (Venice: Giovanni Antonio Rampazetto 1597).
The cathedral of Amelia was served and administered by an ecclesiastical body called the Chapter, consisting of three dignities, the Prior, the Archdeacon and the Provost, and twelve canons.Ughelli I, p. 296. Cappelletti V, p. 209. On 1 October 1265, Pope Clement IV had issued the bull "Dignum Est", in which he limited the number of canons in the cathedral chapter to twelve.Cappelletti V, p. 202.
Amelia Cathedral was the seat of the diocese until 1983; is now ranked as a co-cathedral of the Diocese of Terni-Narni-Amelia.
In the city of Amelia there were (in 1770) three parishes, in addition to the cathedral, eight houses of male religious, and six of female religious.Ritzler & Sefrin VI, p. 79, note 1.
In 1476, fleeing the plague in Rome, Pope Sixtus IV and six cardinals came to Amelia, where they stayed 20 days in the palace of the Geraldines.Cappelletti V, p. 205.
Synods
A diocesan synod was an irregularly held, but important, meeting of the bishop of a diocese and his clergy.Michael Hayden & Malcolm R. Greenshields, Six Hundred Years of Reform: Bishops and the French Church, 1190-1789 (Kingston-Toronto-London-Ithaca: McGill-Queens UP 2005), pp. 24-25. Its purpose was (1) to proclaim generally the various decrees already issued by the bishop; (2) to discuss and ratify measures on which the bishop chose to consult with his clergy; (3) to publish statutes and decrees of the diocesan synod, of the provincial synod, and of the Holy See. John Paul II, Constitutio Apostolica de Synodis Dioecesanis Agendis (19 March 1997): Acta Apostolicae Sedis 89 (1997), pp. 706-727.
Bishop Antonio Maria Graziani (1592–1611) held a diocesan synod in 1595.Dioecesana synodus amerina ab Antonio Maria Gratiani episcopo habita 1595. . Venetiis, apud Joannem Antonium Rampazzettum, 1597. Another diocesan synod was held by Bishop Giovanni Battista Renzoli (1721–1743) on 8–9 April 1725.Synodus dioecesana amerina ab illustrissimo et reverendissimo D. D. Baptista Benzolio Dei, et apostolicae Sedis gratia episcopo amerino celebrata diebus 8 et 9 aprilis 1725. , Hornae, apud Hieronymum Mainardi, 1725. Bishop Carlo Fabi (1785–1798) held a synod in 1792, and republished the synodal decrees and a "Life" of Bishop Graziani.Synodus dioecesana amerina ab Antonio Maria Gratiani episcopo habita 1595. Editio secunda cui accessit vita eiusdem. Appendix ad synodum amerinam ab Antonio Maria Gratiani episcopo habita anno MDCXCV a Carolo Maria Fabio eiusdem ecclesiae praesule edita anno MDCCXCII. Romae, typis et sumptibus Michaelis Angeli Barbiellini, 1792.
Diocesan reorganization On 13 September 1983, Franco Gualdrini, who had been Rector of the Collegium Capranicum in Rome, was appointed bishop of Terni, Narni and Amelia, aeque principaliter. The diocese of Amelia continued to exist intact, though its bishop was also the bishop of another diocese.Acta Apostolicae Sedis 75 (1983, p. 850: "die 13 Septembris. — Cathedralibus Ecclesiis Interamnensi, Narniensi et Amerinae, «aeque principaliter» unitis, R. D. Franciscum Gualdrini, e clero Faventino, rectorem Almi Collegii Capranicensis de Urbe."
The Second Vatican Council (1962–1965), in order to ensure that all Catholics received proper spiritual attention, decreed the reorganization of the diocesan structure of Italy and the consolidation of small and struggling dioceses. It also recommended the abolition of anomalous units such as exempt territorial prelatures.In its decree Christus Dominus, section 22, it stated: "Concerning diocesan boundaries, therefore, this sacred synod decrees that, to the extent required by the good of souls, a fitting revision of diocesan boundaries be undertaken prudently and as soon as possible. This can be done by dividing dismembering or uniting them, or by changing their boundaries, or by determining a better place for the episcopal see or, finally, especially in the case of dioceses having larger cities, by providing them with a new internal organization.... At the same time the natural population units of people, together with the civil jurisdictions and social institutions that compose their organic structure, should be preserved as far as possible as units. For this reason, obviously, the territory of each diocese should be continuous."
On 18 February 1984, the Vatican and the Italian State signed a new and revised concordat. Based on the revisions, a set of Normae was issued on 15 November 1984, which was accompanied in the next year, on 3 June 1985, by enabling legislation. According to the agreement, the practice of having one bishop govern two separate dioceses at the same time, aeque personaliter, as was the case with Salerno and Acerno, was to be abolished. Instead, the Vatican continued consultations which had begun under Pope John XXIII for the merging of small dioceses, especially those with personnel and financial problems, into one combined diocese.
On 27 September 1986, Pope John Paul II approved a decree, which was published by the Congregation of Bishops on 30 September 1986. The dioceses of Terni, Narni, and Ameria were united into one single diocese. Its seat was fixed at Terni, where its cathedral remained the cathedral of the united diocese. The former cathedrals at Narni and Ameria were given the honorary rank of co-cathedral. The name of the diocese was to be «Dioecesis Interamnensis-Narniensis-Amerina».Acta Apostolicae Sedis 79 (1987), pp. 721-723.
Bishops of Amelia Erected: 5th Century Latin Name: Amerinus/a To 1389
... Hilarius (465)Hilarius: Lanzoni, p. 419. Tiburtinus: Lanzoni, p. 419. Martinianus: Lanzoni, p. 419, notes that there is no support for this name. Sallustius (499)Sallustius: Lanzoni, p. 419. ...