Outline of Turkmenistan

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Turkmenistan:

Turkmenistan is a sovereign Turkic country located in Central Asia. The name Turkmenistan is derived from Persian, meaning "land of the Turkmen". The name of its capital, Ashgabat, derived from Persian as well, loosely translating as "the city of love". Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic. It is bordered by Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the southwest, Uzbekistan to the northeast, Kazakhstan to the northwest, and the Caspian Sea to the west.

Although it is wealthy in natural resources in certain areas, most of the country is covered by the Karakum (Black Sands) Desert. It has a one-party system, though other parties exist. The country was ruled by President for Life Saparmurat Niyazov until his death on 21 December 2006. Presidential elections were held on 11 February 2007. Gurbanguly Berdimuhammedow was declared the winner with 89% of the vote. He was sworn in on 14 February 2007, and has been re-elected twice since, in 2012 and 2017.

General reference

Pronunciation: Common English country name: Turkmenistan Official English country name: Turkmenistan Common endonym(s): Türkmenistan Official endonym(s): Türkmenistan Adjectival(s): Turkmen Demonym(s): International rankings of Turkmenistan ISO country codes: TM, TKM, 795 ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:TM Internet country code top-level domain: .tm

Geography of Turkmenistan

Turkmenistan is: a landlocked country Location: Northern Hemisphere and Eastern Hemisphere Eurasia Asia Central Asia Time zone: UTC+05 Extreme points of Turkmenistan High: Aýrybaba Low: Akjagaýa çöketligi Land boundaries: 3,736 km 1,621 km 992 km 744 km 379 km Coastline: noneTurkmenistan borders the Caspian Sea, a remnant of the ancient Paratethys Sea. Population of Turkmenistan: 5,240,000 (July 2013, UN estimate) – 117th most populous country

Area of Turkmenistan: 488,100 km2 – 53rd by total area Atlas of Turkmenistan

Environment of Turkmenistan

Environment of Turkmenistan Climate of Turkmenistan Environmental issues in Turkmenistan Protected areas of Turkmenistan Wildlife of Turkmenistan Fauna of Turkmenistan Birds of Turkmenistan Mammals of Turkmenistan

Natural geographic features of Turkmenistan

Glaciers of Turkmenistan: None Islands of Turkmenistan: None Lakes of Turkmenistan Mountains of Turkmenistan Volcanoes in Turkmenistan: None Rivers of Turkmenistan List of World Heritage Sites in Turkmenistan

Regions of Turkmenistan

Ecoregions of Turkmenistan

Administrative divisions of Turkmenistan

Administrative divisions of Turkmenistan Provinces of Turkmenistan Districts of Turkmenistan Provinces of Turkmenistan Aşgabat Ahal Province Balkan Province Daşoguz Province Lebap Province Mary Province

The provinces of Turkmenistan are divided into districts, which may be either counties or cities.

Demography of Turkmenistan

Demographics of Turkmenistan

Government and politics of Turkmenistan

Politics of Turkmenistan Form of government: Presidential republic Capital of Turkmenistan: Ashgabat Elections in Turkmenistan Political parties in Turkmenistan

Branches of government of Turkmenistan

Government of Turkmenistan

Executive branch of Turkmenistan Head of state and Head of government: President of Turkmenistan, Serdar Berdimuhamedov

Legislative branch of Turkmenistan

Parliament of Turkmenistan (bicameral per 2020 constitutional amendment) Upper house: Halk Maslahaty Lower house: Mejlis

Judicial branch of Turkmenistan

Court system of Turkmenistan Supreme Court of Turkmenistan

Foreign relations of Turkmenistan

Foreign relations of Turkmenistan Diplomatic missions in Turkmenistan Diplomatic missions of Turkmenistan

International organization membership

International organization membership of Turkmenistan Turkmenistan is a member of:

Asian Development Bank (ADB) Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Group of 77 (G77) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol) International Development Association (IDA) International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRCS) International Finance Corporation (IFC) International Labour Organization (ILO) International Maritime Organization (IMO) International Monetary Fund (IMF) International Olympic Committee (IOC) International Organization for Migration (IOM) (observer) International Organization for Standardization (ISO) (correspondent) International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement (ICRM)

International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Islamic Development Bank (IDB) Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) Nonaligned Movement (NAM) Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) Partnership for Peace (PFP) Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) (guest) United Nations (UN) United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) Universal Postal Union (UPU) World Customs Organization (WCO) World Federation of Trade Unions (WFTU) World Health Organization (WHO) World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) World Meteorological Organization (WMO) World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)

Law and order in Turkmenistan

Law of Turkmenistan Capital punishment in Turkmenistan Constitution of Turkmenistan Human rights in Turkmenistan LGBT rights in Turkmenistan Women in Turkmenistan Freedom of religion in Turkmenistan Law enforcement in Turkmenistan Corruption in Turkmenistan Human trafficking in Turkmenistan Ministry of Internal Affairs (Turkmenistan) Polygamy in Turkmenistan Prostitution in Turkmenistan Capital punishment in Turkmenistan Supreme Court of Turkmenistan Turkmen nationality law

Military of Turkmenistan

Military of Turkmenistan Command Commander-in-chief:President of Turkmenistan Forces Armed Forces of Turkmenistan Chief of the General Staff (Turkmenistan) Ministry of Defense (Turkmenistan) State Border Service of Turkmenistan State Security Council of Turkmenistan Turkmen Air Force Turkmen Ground Forces Turkmen Internal Troops Turkmen National Guard Turkmen Naval Forces

Local government in Turkmenistan

History of Turkmenistan

Culture of Turkmenistan

Culture of Turkmenistan Cuisine of Turkmenistan Languages of Turkmenistan Media in Turkmenistan National symbols of Turkmenistan Coat of arms of Turkmenistan Flag of Turkmenistan National anthem of Turkmenistan People of Turkmenistan Prostitution in Turkmenistan Public holidays in Turkmenistan Religion in Turkmenistan Buddhism in Turkmenistan Christianity in Turkmenistan Islam in Turkmenistan List of World Heritage Sites in Turkmenistan

Art and Culture in Turkmenistan Cinema of Turkmenistan Music of Turkmenistan Television in Turkmenistan Turkmen carpet Turkmen cuisine Turkmen language Turkmen literature

Sports in Turkmenistan

Football in Turkmenistan Turkmenistan national football team Ice hockey in Turkmenistan Turkmenistan men's national ice hockey team Turkmenistan at the Olympics

Economy and infrastructure of Turkmenistan

Economy of Turkmenistan Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 83rd (eighty-third) Agriculture in Turkmenistan Communications in Turkmenistan Internet in Turkmenistan Companies of Turkmenistan Currency of Turkmenistan: Manat ISO 4217: TMT Energy in Turkmenistan Health care in Turkmenistan Tourism in Turkmenistan Transport in Turkmenistan Airports in Turkmenistan Rail transport in Turkmenistan

Education in Turkmenistan

List of universities in Turkmenistan

Health in Turkmenistan

Outline of Turkmenistan

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