The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Canada:
General reference
Pronunciation Common English country name: Canada Official English country name: Canada Common endonym: Canada Official endonym: Canada Adjectival: Canadian, Canada Demonym: Canadian (Fr. canadien) Etymology: Name of Canada Official languages : English, French ISO country codes: CA, CAN, 124 ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:CA Internet country code top-level domain: .ca International rankings of Canada
Geography
Geography of Canada Canada is... a country a nation state a Commonwealth Realm a federation a member state of NATO Location: Northern Hemisphere, Western Hemisphere Americas North America Northern America Time zones (Time in Canada): Newfoundland Standard Time (UTC−03:30), Newfoundland Daylight Time (UTC−02:30) Atlantic Standard Time (UTC−04), Atlantic Daylight Time (UTC−03) Eastern Standard Time (UTC−05), Eastern Daylight Time (UTC−04) Central Standard Time (UTC−06), Central Daylight Time (UTC−05) Mountain Standard Time (UTC−07), Mountain Daylight Time (UTC−06) Pacific Time (UTC−07), Yukon Time (UTC−07) Extreme points of Canada North: Cape Columbia, Nunavut – (83°08′ N, 74°13′W) South: Middle Island, Ontario – (41°41′N, 82°40′W) East: Cape Spear, Newfoundland – (47°31′N, 52°37′W) West: Yukon-Alaska border – (141°00′W) High: Mount Logan, Yukon Low: North Atlantic Ocean, Arctic Ocean, and North Pacific Ocean 0 m Land boundaries: The total length of the land border between Canada and the United States is the longest between any two countries. (on Hans Island) Coastline: The coastline of Canada is the longest in the world. The total length of the coast of Canada is more than five times as long as the circumference of the Earth. Population of Canada: 36,991,981 people (2021 Census) – 36th most populous country Area of Canada: – 2nd most extensive country Atlas of Canada
Environment
Environment of Canada Climate of Canada Environmental issues in Canada Fires in Canada Ecoregions in Canada Renewable energy in Canada Geology of Canada Earthquakes in Canada National parks of Canada Protected areas of Canada Wildlife of Canada Flora of Canada Fauna of Canada Birds of Canada Mammals of Canada
Geographic features
Canadian Arctic Fjords of Canada Glaciers of Canada Islands of Canada Lakes of Canada Great Lakes
Mountain peaks of Canada The 100 Highest mountain peaks of Canada The 142 Most prominent mountain peaks of Canada The 100 Most isolated mountain peaks of Canada Appalachian Mountains Pacific Cordillera Rocky Mountains Volcanoes of Canada Prairies of Canada Rivers of Canada Waterfalls of Canada Valleys of Canada World Heritage Sites in Canada Other Canadian Shield St. Lawrence Lowlands List of National Historic Sites of Canada
Regions
Northern Canada (The North) Western Canada Prairies Eastern Canada Central Canada Atlantic Canada Maritimes
Other regions English Canada, sometimes known as the Rest of Canada (excluding Quebec) when considering topics of language French Canada Acadia Quebec-Windsor Corridor
Ecoregions
Provinces and territories Provinces and territories of Canada
Provinces Province, with flag Postal abbreviation/ISO code Other abbreviations Capital Entered confederation Population(2016) Area (km2) Land Water Total 1 ON Ont. Toronto July 1, 1867 13,448,494 917,741 158,654 1,076,395 1 QC Que., PQ, P.Q. Quebec City 8,164,361 1,356,128 185,928 1,542,056 2 NS N.S. Halifax 923,598 53,338 1,946 55,284 2 NB N.B. Fredericton 747,101 71,450 1,458 72,908 3 MB Man. Winnipeg July 15, 1870 1,278,365 553,556 94,241 647,797 2 BC B.C. Victoria July 20, 1871 4,648,055 925,186 19,549 944,735 2 PE PEI, P.E.I., P.E. Island Charlottetown July 1, 1873 142,907 5,660 — 5,660 4 SK Sask., SK, SKWN Regina September 1, 1905 1,098,352 591,670 59,366 651,036 4 AB Alta. Edmonton 4,067,175 642,317 19,531 661,848 5 NL Nfld., NF, LB St. John's March 31, 1949 519,716 373,872 31,340 405,212
Notes:
Immediately prior to Confederation, Ontario and Quebec were part of the Province of Canada. Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, British Columbia, and Prince Edward Island were separate colonies at the time of joining Canada. Manitoba was established simultaneously with Northwest Territories. Saskatchewan and Alberta were created out of land that had been part of Northwest Territories. Prior to its entry in Confederation, Newfoundland had been a Dominion within the British Commonwealth, but due to a financial crisis during the Depression had surrendered its right to self-government and was under direct British governance.
Territories There are currently three territories in Canada. Unlike the provinces, the territories of Canada have no inherent jurisdiction and only have those powers delegated to them by the federal government.
Territory, with flag Postal abbreviation/ISO code Other abbreviations Capital Entered confederation Population(2007) Area (km2) Land Water Total NT N.W.T., NWT Yellowknife July 15, 1870 41,786 1,183,085 163,021 1,346,106 YT Y.T., YK Whitehorse June 13, 1898 35,874 474,391 8,052 482,443 NU NV Iqaluit April 1, 1999 35,944 1,936,113 157,077 2,093,190
Note: Canada did not acquire any new land to create Yukon, Alberta, Saskatchewan, or Nunavut. All of these originally formed part of Northwest Territories.
Municipalities
Municipalities of Canada Cities of Canada Capital of Canada: Ottawa
Demography Demography of Canada Canadians Immigration to Canada Aboriginal peoples in Canada
Demographics by political division Provinces
Demographics of Alberta Demographics of British Columbia Demographics of Vancouver (city) Demographics of Manitoba Demographics of New Brunswick Demographics of Newfoundland and Labrador Demographics of Nova Scotia
Demographics of Ontario Demographics of Toronto (city) Demographics of Prince Edward Island Demographics of Quebec Demographic history of Quebec Demographics of Montreal (city) Demographics of Saskatchewan
Territories Demographics of Northwest Territories Demographics of Nunavut Demographics of the Yukon
Government and politics
Politics of Canada Form of government: constitutional monarchy and democratic parliamentary federation Capital of Canada: Ottawa Provinces and territories of Canada Canadian and American politics compared Canadian and Australian politics compared Canadian Conservatism List of Canadian federal general elections Canadian Nationalism Elections in Canada Electoral ridings Electoral system List of elections Federalism in Canada Human rights in Canada Liberalism in Canada Political culture of Canada Political parties in Canada Political scandals of Canada Progressivism in Canada Socialism and Social Democracy in Canada Taxation in Canada
Branches of the government Politics of Canada
Executive branch of the government
Head of state: Charles III, King of Canada Governor General of Canada, the King's representative: Louise Arbour King's Privy Council for Canada Prime Minister (Mark Carney) Cabinet (Twenty-Eighth Ministry) Ministries President of the King's Privy Council Privy Council Office Clerk of the Privy Council Government of Canada Head of government: Mark Carney, Prime Minister of Canada Cabinet of Canada (Majority government)
Legislative branch of the government Parliament of Canada The King Senate of Canada Speaker of the Senate of Canada House of Commons of Canada Speaker of the House of Commons of Canada
Judicial branch of the government Court system of Canada
Supreme Court of Canada Appellate Courts of the provinces and territories Alberta Court of Appeal British Columbia Court of Appeal Manitoba Court of Appeal New Brunswick Court of Appeal Court of Appeal of Newfoundland and Labrador Court of Appeal for the Northwest Territories Nova Scotia Court of Appeal Nunavut Court of Appeal Court of Appeal for Ontario Court of Appeal of Prince Edward Island Quebec Court of Appeal Saskatchewan Court of Appeal Court of Appeal of the Yukon Territory Superior-level trial courts of the provinces and territories Court of King's Bench of Alberta Supreme Court of British Columbia Court of King's Bench of Manitoba Court of King's Bench of New Brunswick Supreme Court of Newfoundland and Labrador Supreme Court of the Northwest Territories Supreme Court of Nova Scotia Nunavut Court of Justice Ontario Superior Court of Justice Supreme Court of Prince Edward Island Quebec Superior Court Court of King's Bench for Saskatchewan Supreme Court of the Yukon Territory
Foreign relations Foreign relations of Canada Canadian peacekeeping
Canadian Confederation Australia–Canada relations Canada–Caribbean relations Barbados–Canada relations Canada–Cuba relations Canada–Grenada relations Canada–Haiti relations Canada–Jamaica relations Canada–Croatia relations Canada–Cyprus relations Canada–Czech Republic relations Canada–Denmark relations Canada–Egypt relations Canada–Estonia relations Canada–Ethiopia relations Canada–Finland relations Canada–France relations Canada–Georgia relations Canada–Germany relations Canada–Greece relations Canada–Holy See relations Canada–Hungary relations Canada–Iceland relations Canada–India relations Canada–Indonesia relations Canada–Ireland relations
Canada–Israel relations Canada–Italy relations Canada–Japan relations Canada–Kazakhstan relations Canada–Kenya relations Canada–Kosovo relations Canada-Latin America relations Brazilian–Canadian relations Canada–Chile relations Canada–Colombia relations Canada–Panama relations Canada–Paraguay relations Canada–Peru relations Canada–Uruguay relations Canada–Venezuela relations Canada–Mexico relations Canada–Latvia relations Canada–Lebanon relations Canada–Lithuania relations Canada–Luxembourg relations Canada–Malaysia relations Canada–Malta relations Canada–Mongolia relations Canada–Montenegro relations Canada–Morocco relations Canada–Netherlands relations
Canada–New Zealand relations Canada–Nigeria relations Canada–Norway relations Canada–Pakistan relations Canada–People's Republic of China relations Canada–Philippines relations Canada–Poland relations Canada–Romania relations Canada–Russia relations Canada–Saudi Arabia relations Canada–Serbia relations Canada–Singapore relations Canada–Slovakia relations Canada–Slovenia relations Canada–South Korea relations Canada–Soviet Union relations Canada–Spain relations Canada–Sweden relations Canada–Switzerland relations Canada–Thailand relations Canada–Tunisia relations Canada–Turkey relations Canada–Ukraine relations Canada–United Kingdom relations Canada – United States relations Canada–Vietnam relations Canada–Zimbabwe relations
International organization membership Canada is a member of:
African Development Bank Group (AfDB) (nonregional member) African Union/United Nations Hybrid operation in Darfur (UNAMID) Arctic Council Asian Development Bank (ADB) (nonregional member) Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Association of Caribbean States (ACS) (observer and partner) Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) (dialogue partner) Association of Southeast Asian Nations Regional Forum (ARF) Australia Group Bank for International Settlements (BIS) Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) Caribbean Postal Union (CPU) Commonwealth of Nations Council of Europe (CE) (observer) Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council (EAPC) European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) European Space Agency (ESA) (cooperating state) Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) Group of Seven (G7) Group of Eight (G8) Group of Ten (G10) Group of Twenty Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors (G20) Inter-American Development Bank (IADB) International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)