Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

The Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug, also known as Yamalia () is a federal subject of Russia and an autonomous okrug of Tyumen Oblast. Its administrative center is the town of Salekhard, and its largest city is Novy Urengoy. The 2021 Russian Census recorded its population as 510,490.

The autonomous okrug borders Krasnoyarsk Krai to the east, the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug to the south, and the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Komi Republic to the west.

Geography The West Siberian petroleum basin is the largest hydrocarbon (petroleum and natural gas) basin in the world covering an area of about 2.2 million km2, and is also the largest oil and gas producing region in Russia.

The Nenets people are an indigenous tribe who have long survived in this region. Their prehistoric life involved subsistence hunting and gathering, including the taking of polar bears; the practice of hunting polar bears (Ursus maritimus) continues up to the present time.C. Michael Hogan (2008) Polar Bear: Ursus maritimus, Globaltwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug is traversed by the northeasterly line of equal latitude and longitude, that is, at the point 70°N and 70°E, with equal degrees. The Polar Urals rise in the western part and the highest point of the okrug, as well as of the whole Ural mountain system, is Mount Payer.Google Earth

The area consists of arctic tundra and taiga, with three large peninsulas – the Yamal Peninsula, and the Gyda Peninsula (itself containing the Yavay Peninsula and Mamonta Peninsula). There are nearly 300,000 lakes in the okrug, some of the main ones being Pyakuto, Chyortovo, Neito, Yambuto the 1st, Yarroto and Yambuto the 2nd.

The Ob River flows through Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug to the Kara Sea via the Gulf of Ob, which dominates the geography of the Okrug (together with its sub-bay, the Taz Estuary and neighboring Gydan Bay).Regional Index: Regional Index, accessdate: May 5, 2017Yamalo-Nenets region, Russia facts, resources, climate, photos: Yamalo-Nenets region, Russia facts, resources, climate, photos, accessdate: May 5, 2017

A number of islands are off the okrug's coast – from west to east, the main ones are Torasovey Island, Bolotnyy Island, Litke Island, Sharapovy Koshki Islands, Bely Island, Shokalsky Island, Petsovyye Islands, Proklyatyye Islands, Oleny Island, and Vilkitsky Island.

History On December 10, 1930, Yamal (Nenets) National Okrug () was formed based on Ural Oblast.

Administrative divisions

Number of districts(районы) 7 Number of towns(города) 8 Number of urban-type settlements(посёлки городского типа) 5 Number of selsovets(сельсоветы) 41As of 2002:Results of the 2002 Russian Population Census—Territory, number of districts, inhabited localities, and rural administrations of the Russian Federation by federal subject perepis2002.ru Number of rural localities(сельские населённые пункты) 102 Number of uninhabited rural localities(сельские населённые пункты без населения) 19

Administrative and municipal divisions

Division Structure OKATO OKTMO Urban-type settlement/district-level town* Rural(selsovet)AdministrativeMunicipal Salekhard (Салехард) city urban okrug 71 171 71 951 Gubkinsky (Губкинский) city urban okrug 71 172 71 952 Labytnangi (Лабытнанги) city urban okrug 71 173 71 953 Kharp (Харп) Nadym (Надым) city 71 174 71 916 Muravlenko (Муравленко) city urban okrug 71 175 71 955 Novy Urengoy (Новый Уренгой) city urban okrug 71 176 71 956 Noyabrsk (Ноябрьск) city urban okrug 71 178 71 958 1 Krasnoselkupsky (Красноселькупский) district 71 153 71 913 3 Nadymsky (Надымский) district okrug 71 156 71 916 Pangody (Пангоды) Zapolyarny 8 Priuralsky (Приуральский) district 71 158 71 918 6 Purovsky (Пуровский) district okrug 71 160 71 920 Tarko-Sale (Тарко-Сале) town* Urengoy (Уренгой) 5 Tazovsky (Тазовский) district okrug 71 163 71 923 Tazovsky (Тазовский) 4 Shuryshkarsky (Шурышкарский) district 71 166 71 926 8 Yamalsky (Ямальский) district 71 168 71 928 6

Demographics

Population:

From 1960 to 2016, Yamal Nenets population increased from 60 000 people to more than 530 000 due to the natural resources discovered in the region. Currently, Yamal Nenets is the only Arctic Region in the Russian Federation that is not experiencing population decline. Despite the growing pressure on the regional environment, former governor Dmitry Kobylkin assured in 2016 that industrial developments are not affecting the traditional lifestyles of the native population. Official data accounts for an increment of 11 percent of the indigenous population from 2006 to 2016.

Vital statistics YearAverage population (× 1000)Live birthsDeathsNatural changeCrude birth rate (per 1000)Crude death rate (per 1000)Natural change (per 1000) 1970 841,683 879 80420.010.59.6 1975 1272,307 8191,48818.26.411.7 1980 1943,3471,1782,16917.36.111.2 1985 3747,8381,5556,28321.04.216.8 1990 4898,0321,6316,40116.43.313.1 1991 4837,1211,6235,49814.73.411.4 1992 4706,1232,1084,01513.04.58.5 1993 4665,6972,7642,93312.25.96.3 1994 4736,2742,9983,27613.36.36.9 1995 4836,3373,1073,23013.16.46.7 1996 4896,2413,0043,23712.86.16.6 1997 4956,2082,7153,49312.55.57.1 1998 4986,3952,5443,85112.85.17.7 1999 4986,0712,6083,46312.25.27.0 2000 4975,8392,7633,07611.75.66.2 2001 5016,3883,0573,33112.86.16.7 2002 5066,6352,9343,70113.15.87.3 2003 5107,1633,0934,07014.16.18.0 2004 5117,2642,9754,28914.25.88.4 2005 5127,1483,0994,04914.06.07.9 2006 5137,0363,0004,03613.75.87.9 2007 5157,7002,9374,76314.95.79.2 2008 5177,8922,9594,93315.35.79.5 2009 5198,2162,9245,29215.85.610.2 2010 5228,2632,8735,39015.85.510.3 Source:

Regional demographics

RaionPp (2007)BirthsDeathsGrowthBRDRNGRYamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug538,6005,8142,2023,61214.395.450.89%Salekhard40,50049925624316.438.430.80%Gubkinsky22,3002637119215.724.251.15%Labytnangi27,70033321212116.0310.200.58%Muravlenko37,00036110425713.013.750.93%Nadym48,50044319724612.185.420.68%Novy Urengoy117,0001,12233478812.793.810.90%Noyabrsk109,9001,02938464512.484.660.78%Krasnoselkupsky6,20099415821.298.821.25%Nadymsky21,3002216715413.834.190.96%Priuralsky15,3001797210715.606.270.93%Purovsky49,90054819535314.645.210.94%Tazovsky17,2002689217620.787.131.36%Shuryshkarsky9,900144697519.399.291.01%Yamalsky15,90030510819725.589.061.65% Source:http://www.oblstat.tmn.ru/statinfo\act\dwiz.htm for 2008 (January–October)

Ethnic groups The Nenets make up 8.9% of the population, preceded by ethnic Russians (62.9%), and followed by Tatars (4.7%) and Ukrainians (4.5%). Other prominent ethnic groups include Khanty (2.5%), Azerbaijanis (1.7%), Bashkirs (1.5%), Kumyks (1.2%), and Nogais (0.9%) (all figures are from the 2021 Census). Ethnicgroup 1939 Census 1959 Census 1970 Census 1979 Census 1989 Census 2002 Census 2010 Census1 2021 Census Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Number % Russians 19,30842.1% 27,78944.6% 37,51846.9% 93,75059.0% 292,80859.2% 298,35958.8% 312,01961.7% 253,30662.9% Ukrainians 3950.9% 1,9213.1% 3,0263.8% 15,7219.9% 85,02217.2% 66,08013.0% 48,9859.7% 18,2344.5% Nenets 13,45429.3% 13,97722.4% 17,53821.9% 17,40411.0% 20,9174.2% 26,4355.2% 29,7725.9% 35,9178.9% Tatars 1,6363.6% 3,9526.3% 4,6535.8% 8,5565.4% 26,4315.3% 27,7345.5% 28,5095.6% 18,9124.7% Khanty 5,36711.7% 5,5198.9% 6,5138.1% 6,4664.1% 7,2471.5% 8,7601.7% 9,4891.9% 9,9852.5% Komi 4,72210.3% 4,8667.8% 5,4456.8% 5,6423.6% 6,0001.2% 6,1771.2% 5,1411.0% 3,5560.9% Selkups 870.2% 1,2452.0% 1,7102.1% 1,6111.0% 1,5300.3% 1,7970.4% 1,9880.4% 2,0010.5% Others 8711.9% 3,0654.9% 3,5744.5% 9,6946.1% 54,88911.1% 71,66414.1% 74,62514.3% 70,87315.1% 1 17,517 people were registered from administrative databases, and could not declare an ethnicity. The proportion of ethnicities in this group is estimated to be the same as that of the declared group.. Perepis-2010.ru (2011-12-19). Retrieved on 2013-08-20.

Religion

According to a 2012 survey 42.2% of the population of Yamalia adhere to the Russian Orthodox Church, 14% are unaffiliated generic Christians, 1% are believers in Orthodox Christianity who do not belong to any church, 1% are members of the Slavic neopaganism (Rodnovery) or practitioners of local shamanic religions, and 1% are members of Protestant churches; Muslims, mostly Caucasian peoples and Tatars, make up 18% of the total population. In addition, 14% of the population declare to be "spiritual but not religious", 8% are atheist, and 0.8% follow other religions or did not give an answer to the question.

Economy

In 2009, the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug was Russia's most important source of natural gas, with more than 90% of Russia's natural gas being produced there. The region also accounted for 12% of Russia's oil production. The region is the most important to Russia's largest company Gazprom, whose main production fields are located there. Novatek – the country's second-largest gas producer – is also active in the region, with its headquarters located in Tarko-Sale. According to Novatek on 22 October 2019, the natural gas reserves in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug represent 80% of Russia's natural gas and 15% of the world's natural gas supply.

Since the early 2010s, Gazprom has been developing Yamal project in the Yamal Peninsula area. As of 2020, Yamal produces over 20% of Russia's gas, which is expected to increase to 40% by 2030. The shortest pipeline routes from Yamal to the northern EU countries are the Yamal–Europe pipeline through Poland and Nord Stream 1 to Germany. The proposed gas route from Western Siberia to China is known as Power of Siberia 2 pipeline.

Notable people Anastasia Lapsui (b. 1944), Nenets film director, screenwriter, radio journalist

Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug

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