A pseudocardinal (also quasi-cardinal or anticardinal) is a cardinal created by an antipope, that is, one whose appointed is not recognized as canonical by the Catholic Church.
Status Their state, like the state of the antipopes and the anti-bishops these appointed/created, is disputed. Many pseudocardinals were created during the controversy between the Holy See and the Holy Roman Empire during the Western Schism, and some of the cardinals switched their obedience. The legitimacy of the popes of the different obediences during the Western Schism was not a clear matter for their contemporaries. The terms antipope, pseudocardinal and anticardinal were not used at that time, but they are now used by some modern Roman Catholic historians.
Creations by antipopes The following antipopes created pseudo-cardinals (with status and age at time of creation in parentheses when available) :
Anacletus II Antipope Anacletus II (1130–1138) - 3 consistories, 8 pseudocardinals Consistory of 1130.03.29 Germano, Cardinal-Deacon Gregorio Otone, Cardinal-Deacon Pietro, O.S.B. Cas., Cardinal-Deacon Consistory of 1131 Donato, Cardinal-Priest Anselmo, Cardinal-Priest Rainaldo, Cardinal-Deacon Matteo, Cardinal-Deacon Consistory of 1135.03.31 : only Benedetto, O.S.B. Cas., Cardinal-Priest
Nicholas V Antipope Nicholas V (1328–1330) - 4 consistories, 9 pseudocardinals Consistory of 1328.05.15 , Bishop emeritus of Castello, Cardinal-Bishop , Cardinal-Bishop , O.P., Bishop of Chersonissos, Cardinal-Bishop , O.E.S.A., Cardinal-Priest , Cardinal-Priest , Cardinal-Deacon Consistory of 1328.09 , O.F.M., Cardinal-Deacon Consistory of 1329.01.19 Giovanni Visconti (38), Cardinal-Deacon Consistory of 1329 , Cardinal-Deacon
Western Schism
Clement VII Antipope Clement VII (1378–1394) - 12 consistories, 33 pseudocardinals Consistory of 1378.12.18 (6) Giacomo da Itri, Patriarch of Constantinople and Metropolitan Archbishop of Otranto (Italy), Cardinal-Priest Niccolò Brancaccio (38), Metropolitan Archbishop of Cosenza (Italy), Cardinal-Priest Pierre Amiel de Sarcenas, O.S.B. Clun. (69), Metropolitan Archbishop of Embrun (France), Cardinal-Priest Pierre-Raymond de Barrière, C.R.S.A., Bishop of Autun (France), Cardinal-Priest Nicolas de Saint Saturnin, O.P., Master of the Sacred Palace of Prefecture of the Holy Apostolic Palaces, Cardinal-Priest Leonardo Rossi da Giffoni, O.F.M., Minister General emeritus of Order of Friars Minor (Franciscans), Cardinal-Priest Consistory of 1381.03.19 : only Gautier Gómez de Luna, Bishop of Palencia (Spain) Consistory of 1382.05.30 : only Tommaso Clausse, O.P., Cardinal-Priest Consistory of 1383.12.23 : Pierre de Cros, O.S.B. Clun., Metropolitan Archbishop of Arles (France) and Chamberlain of the Holy Roman Church of Reverend Apostolic Camera, Cardinal-Priest Faydit d’Aigrefeuille, O.S.B. Clun., Bishop of Avignon (France), Cardinal-Priest Aymeric de Magnac, Bishop of Paris (France), Cardinal-Priest Jacques de Menthonay, Cardinal-Priest Amedeo di Saluzzo (22), Bishop of Valence (France), Cardinal-Deacon Pierre Aycelin de Montaigut, O.S.B. Clun. (63), Bishop of Laon (France), Cardinal-Priest Walter Wardlaw (66), Bishop of Glasgow (Scotland), Cardinal-Priest Jean de Neufchatel (43), Bishop of Toul (France), Cardinal-Priest Pierre de Fetigny, Cardinal-Deacon Consistory of 1384.04.15 : only Pierre de Luxembourg (14), Bishop of Metz (France), Cardinal-Deacon Consistory of 1385.07.12 : Bertrand de Chanac, Patriarch of Jerusalem and Apostolic Administrator of Le Puy-en-Velay (France), Cardinal-Priest Tommaso Ammannati, Metropolitan Archbishop of Napoli (Italy), Cardinal-Priest Giovanni Piacentini, Metropolitan Archbishop emeritus of Patrasso and Apostolic Administrator emeritus of Castello, Cardinal-Priest Amaury de Lautrec, Bishop of Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges (France), Cardinal-Priest Jean de Murol (45), Bishop of Genève (Switzerland), Cardinal-Priest Jean Rolland, Bishop of Amiens (France), Cardinal-Priest Jean Allarmet de Brogny (43), Bishop of Viviers (France), Cardinal-Priest Pierre de Thury, Bishop of Maillezais, Cardinal-Priest Consistory of 1387.01 : only Jerónimo de Aragón (45), Bishop of Valencia (Spain), Cardinal-Priest Consistory of 1389.11.03 : only Jean de Talaru, Metropolitan Archbishop of Lyon (France), Cardinal-Priest Consistory of 1390.07.21 : only Martín de Zalba (53), Bishop of Pamplona (Spain), Cardinal-Priest Consistory of 1390.10.17 (2) Jean Flandrin (89), Metropolitan Archbishop of Auch (France), Cardinal-Priest Pierre Girard, Bishop of Le Puy-en-Velay (France), Cardinal-Priest Consistory of 1391.04.17 : only Guillaume de Vergy (41), Metropolitan Archbishop of Besançon (France), Cardinal-Priest Consistory of 1394.01.23 : only Pedro Fernández de Frías, Bishop of Osma (Spain), Cardinal-Priest
Benedict XIII Antipope Benedict XIII (1394–1423) - 7 consistories, 19 pseudocardinals Consistory of 1395.12.24 : only Pierre Blain, Cardinal-Deacon Consistory of 1397.09.22 Fernando Pérez Calvillo, Bishop of Tarazona (Spain), Cardinal-Priest Jofré de Boil, Cardinal-Deacon Pedro Serra, Bishop of Catania (Italy), Cardinal-Priest Consistory of 1397.12.21 Berenguer de Anglesola, Bishop of Gerona (Spain), Cardinal-Priest Bonifacio Ammannati, Cardinal-Deacon Louis de Bar (27), Bishop-elect of Langres (France), Cardinal-Deacon Consistory of 1404.05.09 Miguel de Zalba (30), Cardinal-Deacon Antoine de Challant (54), Cardinal-Deacon Consistory of 1408.09.22 Pierre Ravat, Canons Regular of Saint Augustine (C.R.S.A.), Bishop of Saint-Pons-de-Thomières (France), Cardinal-Priest Jean d’Armagnac (58), Metropolitan Archbishop emeritus of Auch (France), Cardinal-Priest Friar Juan Martínez de Murillo, Cistercian Order (O. Cist.), Cardinal-Priest Carlos Jordán de Urriés y Pérez Salanova, Cardinal-Deacon Alfonso Carrillo de Albornoz, Cardinal-Deacon Consistory of 1412.12.14 : only Pedro Fonseca, Cardinal-Deacon Consistory of 1423.05.22 Julián Lobera y Valtierra, Cardinal-Priest Ximeno Dahe, Cardinal-Priest Domingo de Bonnefoi, Carthusians (O. Cart.), Cardinal-Priest Bishop Jean Carrier, Cardinal-Priest
John XXIII Antipope John XXIII (1410–1415) - 4 consistories, 18 pseudocardinals Consistory of 1411.06.06 Francesco Lando, Latin Patriarch of Constantinople and Latin Patriarch emeritus of Grado (Italy), Cardinal-Priest Antonio Panciera (61), Latin Patriarch of Aquileia (Italy), Cardinal-Priest Alemanno Adimari (49), Metropolitan Archbishop of Pisa (Italy), Cardinal-Priest João Afonso Esteves da Azambuja (71), Metropolitan Archbishop of Lisboa (Portugal), Cardinal-Priest Pierre d'Ailly (61), Bishop of Cambrai (France), Cardinal-Priest Georg von Liechtenstein-Nicolsburg (51), Bishop of Trento (Italy), declined his uncanonical promotion Tommaso Brancaccio, Bishop of Tricarico (Italy), Cardinal-Priest Branda Castiglione (61), Bishop emeritus of Piacenza (Italy), Cardinal-Priest Archbishop Thomas Langley (48), Bishop of Durham (England), Cardinal-Priest Archbishop Robert Hallam, Bishop of Salisbury (England), Cardinal-Priest Gilles Deschamps (61), Bishop of Coutances (France), Cardinal-Priest Guglielmo Carbone, Bishop of Chieti (Italy), Cardinal-Priest Father Guillaume Fillastre (63), Cardinal-Priest Msgr. Lucido Conti, Cardinal-Deacon Francesco Zabarella (50), Bishop of Firenze (Italy), Cardinal-Deacon Consistory of 1413.04.13 : only Simon of Cramaud (68), Latin Patriarch of Alexandria, Metropolitan Archbishop of Reims (France) and Apostolic Administrator of Avignon (France), Cardinal-Priest Consistory of 1413.11.18 : only Giacomo Isolani (53), Cardinal-Deacon Consistory of 1414.09 : only Pierre de Foix, O.F.M. (28), Bishop of Lescar (France), Cardinal-Priest
Clement VIII Antipope Clement VIII (1423–1429) - 1 consistories, 2 pseudocardinals Consistory of 26 July 1429
Felix V Antipope Felix V (1439–1449) - 5 consistories, 25 pseudocardinals Consistory of 1440.04.12 Louis de La Palud, O.S.B., bishop of Lausanne Bartolomeo Visconti, bishop of Novara. , bishop elect of Utrecht, Netherlands Alfonso Carrillo de Acuña, administrator of the see of Sigüenza Consistory of 1440.10.02 Aleksander Mazowiecki, prince-bishop of Trent , bishop of Tortosa Jordi d'Ornós, bishop of Vich, Spain , O.S.B., bishop of Geneva , O.S.B., bishop of Dax John of Ragusa, O.P., bishop of Ardjisch, Walachia , vicar general of Freising John of Segovia, archdeacon of Villaviciosa, Oviedo Consistory of 1440.11.12 Amédée de Talaru, archbishop of Lyon , bishop of Paris , archbishop of Tours Niccolò Tedeschi, O.S.B., archbishop of Palermo Gérard Machet, bishop of Castres Jean de Malestroit, bishop of Nantes, France. Consistory of 1444.04.06 Jean d'Arces, archbishop of Tarentaise , bishop of Viseu Wincenty Kot z Dębna, archbishop of Gniezno and primate of Poland Guillaume-Hugues d'Estaing, O.S.B., archdeacon of Metz , bishop of Corneto e Montefiascone , canon of the cathedral chapter of Amiens Consistory of 1447.08.01 Lancelot de Lusignan, patriarch of Jerusalem.
Sources and external links GCatholic - Creations of (pseudo)cardinals by (Anti-)Pope under Anacletus II (Rome) under Benedict XIII (Avignon) under Clement VII (Avignon) under John XXIII (Pisa) under Nicholas V (Rome) Catalog of Pseudocardinals (1058-1447)