Topol is a surname. Common in Central (Czech Republic, Poland) and Eastern Europe (Ukraine, and Russia), it originated as a place-related name for "someone who lived by a poplar tree". It is also found among Ashkenazic Jewish people speaking Eastern Yiddish and likewise refers to the poplar tree, having been borrowed from a Slavic language (Proto-Slavic *topolь). Related surnames include , , Topoliansky, Topolski (common in Poland), and Topolsky.
Notable people who share this surname include: Brad Topol (born c. 1971), American computer scientist Chaim Topol (1935–2023), Israeli actor, often billed mononymously as Topol Edward Topol (born 1938), Russian writer Eric Topol (born 1954), American cardiologist Filip Topol (1965–2013), Czech singer and songwriter Jáchym Topol (born 1962), Czech poet Josef Topol (1935–2015), Czech playwright Sergei Topol (born 1985), Russian ice hockey player Sidney Topol (1924–2022), American innovator and entrepreneur
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