Janata Parivar (translated as Janata Family) is an umbrella term which refers to various political parties that emerged from Janata Dal. Janata Dal was formed through the merger of Janata Party factions, the Lok Dal, Indian National Congress (Jagjivan) and the Jan Morcha under the leadership of V. P. Singh on 11 October 1988 on the birth anniversary of Jayaprakash Narayan.
By 1996 Indian general election Janata Dal gradually disintegrated into various smaller factions, largely regional parties Biju Janata Dal, Rashtriya Janata Dal, Janata Dal (Secular) and Janata Dal (United).
Some of the breakaway organisations have thrived as independent parties, some have become defunct, while others have merged with the parent party or other political parties.
A formal union of some of these parties, the Janata Parivar Alliance, was formed in 2015 but became inactive after the withdrawal of various parties.On 14 April 2015, the RJD, Janata Dal (United), Janata Dal (Secular), the Indian National Lok Dal, Samajwadi Party, and Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) announced that they would merge into a new national Janata Parivar alliance in order to oppose the BJP, thus breaking their long time alliance with the INC. This would give the alliance 14 Lok Sabha seats and 30 Rajya Sabha seats.
Representation of active parties
PartyAbbreviationFoundationParty SupremoFouder(s) Current No. of MPs in Lok Sabha (As of November 22, 2025)Current No. of MPs in Rajya Sabha (As of November 22, 2025)Base StateAlliance Samajwadi Party SP 1992 Akhilesh Yadav Mulayam Singh Yadav 37 4 Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Maharastra I.N.D.I.A Samata Party SAP 1994 Uday Mandal George Fernandes 0 0 Bihar NDA Indian National Lok Dal INLD 1996 Om Prakash Chautala Chaudhary Devi Lal 0 0 Haryana None Rashtriya Janata Dal RJD 1997 Lalu Prasad Yadav Lalu Prasad Yadav 4 5 Bihar, Jharkhand I.N.D.I.A Rashtriya Lok Dal RLD 1998 Jayant Chaudhary Chaudhary Ajit Singh 2 1 Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan NDA Biju Janata Dal BJD 1997 Naveen Patnaik Naveen Patnaik 0 7 Odisha None Janata Dal (United) JD(U) 1999 Nitish Kumar Nitish Kumar, Sharad Yadav, George Fernandes 12 4 Bihar, Arunachal Pradesh NDA Janata Dal (Secular) JD(S) 1999 H. D. Deve Gowda H. D. Deve Gowda 2 1 Karnataka, Kerala NDA Socialist Janata Dal SJD 2014 V. V. Rajendran V. V. Rajendran 0 0 Kerala None Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular) HAM(S) 2015 Jitan Ram Manjhi Jitan Ram Manjhi 1 1 Bihar NDA Jannayak Janta Party JJP 2018 Dushyant Chautala Ajay Singh Chautala, Dushyant Chautala 0 0 Haryana None Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party RLJP 2021 Pashupati Kumar Paras Pashupati Kumar Paras 0 0 Bihar, Manipur None Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas) LJP(RV) 2021 Chirag Paswan Chirag Paswan 5 0 Bihar, Nagaland NDA Rashtriya Lok Morcha RLM 2023 Upendra Kushwaha Upendra Kushwaha 0 1 Bihar NDA Janshakti Janata DalJJD2025Tej Pratap YadavTej Pratap Yadav 0 0BiharNDA Indian Socialist Janata Dal ISJD 2026 Mathew T. Thomas Mathew T. Thomas 0 0 Kerala LDF (Kerala)
List of breakaway parties
Year Party Founder Region Status 1990 Samajwadi Janata Party (Rashtriya) Chandra Shekhar Uttar Pradesh Abolished 1990 Janata Dal (Gujarat)Chimanbhai Patel Chhabildas Mehta Gujarat Abolished 1990 Janata Dal (Ajit) Ajit Singh Uttar Pradesh Merged with the Indian National Congress in the early 1990s 1992 Samajwadi Party Mulayam Singh Yadav Uttar Pradesh Active 1994 Samta PartyGeorge Fernandes Nitish Kumar Bihar Active now led by Uday Mandal. 1997 Indian National Lok Dal Chaudhary Devi Lal Haryana Active 1997 Biju Janata Dal Naveen Patnaik Odisha Active 1997 Rashtriya Janata DalLalu Prasad Yadav Raghuvansh Prasad Singh Kanti Singh Bihar Active 1998 Lok Shakti Ramakrishna Hegde Karnataka Merged with Janata Dal (United) 1998 Rashtriya Lok Dal Ajit Singh Uttar Pradesh Active 1999 Janata Dal (Secular) H. D. Deve Gowda Karnataka Active 2000 Lok Janshakti Party Ram Vilas Paswan Bihar Split into two Factions2002All India Progressive Janata DalRamakrishna Hegde KarnatakaDissolved in 2006 2003 Janata Dal (United)George Fernandes Nitish Kumar Sharad Yadav Ramakrishna HegdeBihar Jharkhand Arunachal Pradesh Nagaland Active 2009 National Jan Morcha Ajeya Pratap Singh Uttar Pradesh Merged with the Indian National Congress 2010 Socialist Janata (Democratic) M. P. Veerendra Kumar Kerala Merged with Janata Dal (United) on 29 December 2014 2013 Rashtriya Lok Samta Party Upendra Kushwaha Bihar Merged with Janata Dal (United) on 14 March 2021 2014 Socialist Janata Dal V. V. Rajendran Kerala Active 2015 Hindustani Awam Morcha (Secular) Jitan Ram Manjhi Bihar Active 2015 Jan Adhikar Party Loktantrik Pappu Yadav Bihar Merged with Indian National Congress 2018 Samajwadi Secular Morcha Shivpal Singh Yadav Uttar Pradesh Renamed as Pragatisheel Samajwadi Party (Lohiya) Merged with Samajwadi Party 2018 Jannayak Janta PartyAjay Singh Chautala Dushyant Chautala Haryana Active 2018 Loktantrik Janata Dal Sharad YadavBihar Kerala Merged with Rashtriya Janata Dal 2021 Lok Janshakti Party (Ram Vilas) Chirag Paswan Bihar Active 2021 Rashtriya Lok Janshakti Party Pashupati Kumar Paras Bihar Active2023Rashtriya Lok MorchaUpendra KushwahaBiharActive party started as Rashtriya Lok Janata Dal in 2023 2025Janshakti Janata DalTej Pratap YadavBiharActive2026Indian Socialist Janata DalMathew T. ThomasKeralaActive
See also Dravidian parties, a movement starting with Justice Party (India) List of chief ministers from the Janata Dal List of Indian National Congress breakaway parties Splits and Mergers of Kerala Congress List of chief ministers from the Janata Party
References