Mirebeau-sur-Bèze (, literally Mirebeau on Bèze, before 1993: Mirebeau)Décret du 26 mars 1993 portant changement de nom de communes, Légifrance. is a commune in the Côte-d'Or department in eastern France.
Mirebeau is the site of a monumental castrum or fortress for about 5000 Roman legionaries. Extensive aerial reconnaissance and excavations since 1964 have shown the extent of the site and its presence of Legio VIII Augusta. The large camp had stone ramparts with towers, gates, principia (headquarters) with monumental entrance, storehouses, thermae (thermal baths), an amphitheatre whose embankments are still visible, and a wharf on the river Bèze. The fort was surrounded by a V-shaped ditch, and later two more ditches were dug on two of the sides.Légionnaires Romains chez les Lingons : la VIIIème Augusta à Mirebeau (Côte-d'Or), René Goguey*Revue Archéologique de l'Est, t. 57-2008, p. 227-251 SAE 2008
Tile stamps of the VIIIth Legion show that the camp was built in 70 AD, when the legion arrived with Vespasian in Gaul to oppose the revolts of the Treveri and especially the Ubii and Lingones against Rome. The legion left in 86 at the latest to its next base at Argentoratum (now Strasbourg).
Civil canabae built-up outside the fortress and continued after the army left at the crossroads of ancient roads on the site of the present village, becoming a substantial settlement. A theatre was restored by a Roman citizen's daughter when it was falling into ruin. Upstream an important Celtic and later Gallo-Roman sanctuary had developed.Le camp légionnaire de Mirebeau (Goguey, Reddé, 1995)
Other buildings around the fortress included a mansio, a kind of hotel for state officials.
An underground aqueduct supplying the fortress has been excavated.
Population
See also Communes of the Côte-d'Or department
References