HMS Expedition was a 70-gun third-rate ship of the line of the Royal Navy built at Portsmouth Dockyard in 1677/79. She was in active commission during the Nine Years' War participating in the battles of Beachy Head and Barfleur. She was rebuilt in 1699. Again, for the War of Spanish Succession she was in commission for the operation at Cadiz then returned to England where she sat for two years. She was in the Mediterranean for the Battle of Marbella in 1705. She then went to the West Indies and fought in Wager's action off Cartagena in 1708. She was rebuilt in 1709–14 to the 1706 Establishment. She spent her time split between the Baltic and as guard ship at Portsmouth before being broken at Portsmouth in 1736. She was rebuilt in 1736/40 at Deptford Dockyard.
She was the third vessel to bear the name Expedition since it was used for a 20-gun French ship, captured in 1618 and listed until 1652.Colledge (2020), Section E (Expedition) She was the first vessel to bear the name Prince Frederick in the English and Royal Navy.Colledge (2020), Section P (Prince Frederick) Expedition was awarded the battle honours "Barfleur 1692",Thomas (1998), Battle and Campaign Honours, Section B, Barfleur and "Marbella 1705".Thomas (1998), Battle and Campaign Honours, Section M, Marbella As HMS Prince Frederick, she was awarded the battle honours "Finisterre 1747",Thomas (1998), Battle and Campaign Honours, Section F, Finisterre "Louisburg 1758",Thomas (1998), Battle and Campaign Honours, Section L, Louisburg and "Quebec 1759".Thomas (1998), Battle and Campaign Honours, Section Q, Quebec
Construction and specifications She was ordered in April 1677 to be built at Portsmouth Dockyard under the guidance of Master Shipwright Daniel Furzer. She was launched on 10 September 1679. Her dimensions were a gundeck of with a keel of for tonnage calculation with a breadth of and a depth of hold of . Her builder's measure tonnage was calculated as 1,068 tons (burthen). Her draught was .Winfield (2009), Ch 3, Vessels Acquired from 2 May 1660, 1677 Programme, First Batch (1677 Orders), ExpeditionLavery, Ships of the Line vol.1, p162
Her initial gun armament was in accordance with the 1677 Establishment with 70/62 guns consisting of twenty-six demi-cannons (54 cwt,"cwt", or "hundredweight" refers to the weight of the gun itself. 9.5 ft) on the lower deck, twenty-six 12-pounder guns (32 cwt, 9 ft) on the upper deck, ten sakers (16 cwt, 7 ft) on the quarterdeck and four sakers (16 cwt, 7 ft) on the foc's'le with four 3-pounder guns (5 cwt, 5 ft) on the poop deck or roundhouse. By 1688 she would carry 70 guns as per the 1685 Establishment. Her initial manning establishment would be for a crew of 460/380/300 personnel.Winfield (2009), Ch 3, Vessels Acquired from 2 May 1660, 1677 Programme
Commissioned service Service 1679-1699 She was commissioned in 1689 under the command of Captain John Clements. She partook in the Battle of Beachy HeadWinfield 2009, Fleet Actions 6.2 Battle of Beachy HeadThomas (1998), Battles no Honour Awarded, Section B, Beachy Head in Centre (Red) Squadron on 30 June 1690 . In 1691 she was under command of Captain Edward Dover until his death on 16 November 1695. She fought in the Battle of BarfleurWinfield 2009, Fleet Actions 6.3 Battle of Barfleur in Blue Squadron, Van Division from 19 to 22 May 1692 . Captain John Shovell was in command in November 1695 until he died on 11 April 1697. Captain James Stewart took over in April 1697. She was in action on 23 August 1697. In 1699 Captain Lord Archibald Hamilton was her commander. She was paid off in May 1699. She would be rebuilt at Chatham in 1699.
Rebuild Chatham Dockyard 1699 She was ordered rebuilt after the end of the War of the English Succession at Chatham Dockyard under the guidance of Master Shipwright Daniel Furzer Jr. She was launched/completed in 1699. Her dimensions were a gundeck of with a keel of for tonnage calculation with a breadth of and a depth of hold of . Her builder's measure tonnage was calculated as 1,116 tons (burthen). She probably retained her armament as stated in the 1685 Establishment, though it is unclear if her armament was changed to the 1703 Establishment later. It is known that when completed her gun armament total at least 70 guns.Winfield 2009, Chapter 3, Vessels Acquired from 18 December 1688, Rebuildings of 1697-1704, 70-gins, Group 3 (all by dockyard), ExpeditionLavery, Ships of the Line vol.1, p166.
Service 1702-1709 With the outbreak of the War of Spanish Succession (1702–1712), she was commissioned under Captain John Knapp for service in Rear-Admiral Sir Stafford Fairborne's Squadron for the expedition to Cadiz, Spain. Admiral Fairborne's Squadron was detached to reconnoiter Corunna for French ships on 22 July. Finding nothing they rejoined Sir George Rooke's Fleet at sea on 8 August. The Fleet arrived at the Bay of Bulls (north of Cadiz) on the 12th. After may meeting and indecision the Fleet departed on 18 September.Clowes (1898), Chapter XXIII, pages 377-380 On 21 September it was learned that a French Fleet and Spanish treasure ships were in the vicinity of Vigo Bay. On the 11th a council of war was held to determine the ships that would initially enter the bay. HMS Expedition was not chosen and remained off the entrance of the Bay of Vigo.Clowes (1898), Chapter XXIII, page 382 She returned to England. In July 1704 she was lying at Portsmouth with no captain assigned.
In 1705 she was commissioned under Captain Thomas Coale sailing in Rear-Admiral Thomas Dilke's squadron. She fought at the Battle of Marbella on 10 March 1705. During the action two French ships the Magnanime (74) and the Lys (86) were driven ashore and burnt, three French ships were taken, the 60-gun Arrogant, the 66-gun Ardent and the 66-gun Marquis.Clowes (1898), Chapter XXIII, pages 406-407 In 1706 she sailed to Brazil.
She was under Captain Edward Windsor in 1707 as Commodore Charles Wager's Flagship for operations in the West Indies. The small squadron sailed from Plymouth on 10 April 1707. In 1708 she came under Captain Henry Long remaining as Wager's Flagship. With the intent of attacking the Spanish Treasure prior to it arriving at Havana, Cuba, Commodore Wager sailed in January 1708 to intercept these vessels. After two months it was discovered that the ships would not sail before 1 May. He returned to Port Royal, then sailed again on 14 April. The vessels were sighted on 28 May making for Cartagena, Venezuela. She fought in Wager's Action at Cartagena on 28 May 1708.Thomas (1998), Battles no Honour Awarded, Section W, Wager's Action Two Spanish 64-gun vessels were destroyed, and a 44-gun vessel was taken. After the action the captains of Portland and Kingston were court martialed and dismissed from their ships and never served againClowes (1898), Chapter XXIII, pages 373–376.
She arrived at Portsmouth on 11 March 1709 to be dismantle for rebuilding.
Rebuild Portsmouth 1709-1714 She was ordered rebuilt under the 1706 Establishment at Portsmouth under the guidance of Master Shipwright Richard Stacey. Her keel was laid on 11 March 1709 and launched on 16 August 1714. She was renamed Prince Frederick in honour of King George I's son Prince Frederick, the Prince of Wales on 2 January 1715. Her dimensions were a gundeck of with a keel of for tonnage calculation with a breadth of and a depth of hold of . Her builder's measure tonnage was calculated as 1,110 tons (burthen).Winfield 2009, Chapter 3, Middling Ships, Vessels Acquired from 18 December 1688, 70-gins, 1706 Establishment, Group 3 (both by dockyard), ExpeditionLavery, Ships of the Line, vol. 1, p. 168
Her armament was under the 1703 Establishment as 70 guns wartime/62 guns peacetime consisting of twenty-four/twenty-two 24-pounder guns of 9.5 feet in length on the lower deck, twenty-six/twenty-four demi-culverins of 9-foot length on the upper deck, twelve/ten 6-pounder guns of 8.5-foot length on the quarterdeck, and four/two 6-pounder guns of (2/2) 9-foot length and (2/0) of 7.5-foot length, with four 5.5 foot 3-pounder guns on the poop deck or roundhouse. She may have carried her demi-cannons on the lower deck for a few years more.Winfield 2009, Chapter 3, Middling Ships, Vessels Acquired from 18 December 1688, 70-gins, 1706 Establishment
She was completed at a cost of £11,834.14.1.75d.A total cost accounting for inflation of approximately £ in today's money
Service 1718-1736 She was commissioned as HMS Prince Frederick in 1718 under the command of Captain Covill Mayne for service with Sir John Norris's Fleet in the Baltic sailing on 28 April returning to England in October. Later in 1718 she was under Captain Robert Haward as Flagship of Rear-Admiral James Mighells in Home Waters. She was fitted for operations in the Baltic for the Spring of 1719, 1720 and 1721. In May 1719 Captain Edward St Lo was in command as the Flagship of Rear-Admiral Francis Hosier for service in the Baltic. On 16 April 1720 she again sailed for the Baltic with Sir John Norris, returning in November. She again returned to the Baltic in 1721 to cruise off Reveal. After peace was declared in 1721, Sir John Norris returned with his Fleet, anchoring at the Nore on 20 October. In 1723 she was fitted as a guard ship under the command of Captain Edward Falkingham on guardship duties at Portsmouth. She was again fitted for service in the Baltic in the Spring of 1726. In the Spring of 1727, she was fitted for service in the Mediterranean. She was off the coast of Spain in 1727. Her breaking was completed at Portsmouth in June 1736.
Rebuild Deptford Dockyard 1736-1740 She was ordered rebuilt in 1736 at Deptford Dockyard under the guidance of Master Shipwright Richard Stacey. Her remains were moved from Portsmouth to Deptford and her keel was laid in December 1736. She was launched on 18 March 1740. Her dimensions were a gundeck of with a keel of for tonnage calculation with a breadth of and a depth of hold of . Her builder's measure tonnage was calculated as 1,224 tons (burthen).Winfield 2007, Chapter 3, Third Rates, Vessels Acquired from 1 August 1714, 1733 Establishment, Prince FrederickLavery, Ships of the Line vol.1, p171.
Her armament was under the 1733 Establishment as 70 guns consisting of twenty-six 24-pounder guns on the lower deck (LD), twenty-six 12-pounder guns on the upper deck (UD), fourteen 6-pounder guns on the quarterdeck (QD), and four 6-pounder guns on the foc's'le (Fc). After her great repair in 1742/43, her 6-pounder guns were reduced by six guns (four from the QD and two from the Fc) and she was rerated as a 64-gun third rate ship.Winfield 2007, Chapter 3, Third Rates, Vessels Acquired from 1 August 1714, 1733 Establishment
She was completed for sea on 11 June 1740 at an initial cost to include fitting of £23,378.16.5d.A total cost accounting for inflation of approximately £ in today's money
Service 1740-1784