The year 1721 in science and technology involved some significant events.

Medicine The use of ether is developed as a pain-killer. Lady Mary Wortley Montagu introduces the Ottoman Turkish method of inoculation against smallpox – variolation – to London. Thomas Guy founds Guy's Hospital in London to treat "incurables" discharged from St Thomas'.

Psychology A suggestion box is developed under the eighth shōgun of Japan, Yoshimune Tokugawa.

Technology Richard Newsham of London obtains his first patent for a manual fire pump.

Deaths September 11 – Rudolf Jakob Camerarius, German botanist (born 1665)

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