Palencia is one of the 52 constituencies represented in the Congress of Deputies, the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, the . The constituency (whose boundaries correspond to those of the homonymous province) currently elects four deputies. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional voting, with a minimum threshold of three percent.

Electoral system The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Law and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Law provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Congress of Deputies,. with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978.. Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales..

Voting is based on universal suffrage, comprising all Spanish nationals over 18 years of age with full political rights, provided that they have not been deprived of the right to vote by a final sentence.. The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights.; . Amendments in 2011 required non-resident citizens to apply for voting, a system known as "begged" voting ().. which was abolished in 2022. Further, amendments in 2018 granted the right to vote to those legally incapacitated. The Congress of Deputies has a minimum of 300 and a maximum of 400 seats, with electoral provisions fixing its size at 350. Of these, 348 are elected in 50 multi-member constituencies corresponding to the provinces of Spain—each of which is assigned an initial minimum of two seats and the remaining 248 distributed in proportion to population—using the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional voting, with a three percent-threshold of valid votes (including blank ballots) in each constituency. The remaining two seats are allocated to Ceuta and Melilla as single-member districts elected by plurality voting.; ; ; . The use of this electoral method may result in a higher effective threshold depending on district magnitude and vote distribution. The law does not provide for by-elections to fill vacant seats; instead, any vacancies arising after the proclamation of candidates and during the legislative term are filled by the next candidates on the party lists or, when required, by designated substitutes.; .

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance are required to inform the relevant electoral commission within 10 days of the election call—15 before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one permille of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list. Also since 2011, parties, federations or alliances that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.; . Amendments in 2007 required a balanced composition of men and women in the electoral lists, so that candidates of either sex made up at least 40 percent of the total composition; further amendments in 2024 required the use of a zipper system..

Deputies Deputies 1977–present Legislature Election Distribution Constituent 1977 1 2 1st 1979 1 2 2nd 1982 2 1 3rd 1986 2 1 4th 1989 1 2 5th 1993 1 2 6th 1996 1 2 7th 2000 1 2 8th 2004 1 2 9th 2008 1 2 10th 2011 1 2 11th 2015 1 2 12th 2016 1 2 13th 2019 (Apr) 1 1 1 14th 2019 Nov) 1 2 15th 2023 1 2

General elections 2023 + Summary of the 23 July 2023 Congress of Deputies election results in Palencia Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 40,709 41.98 +6.28 2 ±0 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 33,613 34.67 +1.42 1 ±0 Vox (Vox) 12,504 12.90 –1.52 0 ±0 Unite (Sumar)1 5,877 6.06 –2.03 0 ±0 Let's Go Palencia (VP) 1,917 1.98 New 0 ±0 Empty Spain (España Vaciada) 384 0.40 New 0 ±0 Alive Land Palencia Independent Group (GIPTV) 366 0.38 New 0 ±0 Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)2 295 0.30 –0.31 0 ±0 Workers' Front (FO) 139 0.14 New 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 99 0.10 –0.12 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) 80 0.08 –0.03 0 ±0 Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE de las JONS) 71 0.07 New 0 ±0 Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero) 42 0.04 –0.23 0 ±0 Walking Together (CJ) 33 0.03 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 833 0.86 –0.20 Total 96,962 3 ±0 Valid votes 96,962 98.86 +0.15 Invalid votes 1,117 1.14 –0.15 Votes cast / turnout 98,079 71.26 +2.60 Abstentions 39,563 28.74 –2.60 Registered voters 137,642 Sources

November 2019 + Summary of the 10 November 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Palencia Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 34,195 35.70 +6.15 2 +1 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 31,847 33.25 +1.93 1 ±0 Vox (Vox) 13,816 14.42 +2.72 0 ±0 United We Can (Podemos–IU) 7,746 8.09 –1.14 0 ±0 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 5,937 6.20 –9.68 0 –1 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 582 0.61 –0.14 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group–PCAS–TC (Recortes Cero–GV–PCAS–TC) 256 0.27 +0.02 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 209 0.22 +0.07 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) 106 0.11 –0.02 0 ±0 Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE de las JONS) 79 0.08 –0.01 0 ±0 Blank ballots 1,015 1.06 +0.11 Total 95,788 3 ±0 Valid votes 95,788 98.71 –0.01 Invalid votes 1,250 1.29 +0.01 Votes cast / turnout 97,038 68.66 –7.14 Abstentions 44,283 31.34 +7.14 Registered voters 141,321 Sources

April 2019 + Summary of the 28 April 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Palencia Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 33,209 31.32 +6.72 1 ±0 People's Party (PP) 31,332 29.55 –16.13 1 –1 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 16,843 15.88 +3.53 1 +1 Vox (Vox) 12,407 11.70 New 0 ±0 United We Can (Podemos–IU–Equo) 9,787 9.23 –5.75 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 799 0.75 –0.01 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group–PCAS–TC (Recortes Cero–GV–PCAS–TC) 265 0.25 +0.05 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 159 0.15 New 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) 133 0.13 New 0 ±0 Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE de las JONS) 99 0.09 –0.09 0 ±0 Blank ballots 1,010 0.95 +0.12 Total 106,043 3 ±0 Valid votes 106,043 98.72 –0.09 Invalid votes 1,373 1.28 +0.09 Votes cast / turnout 107,416 75.80 +4.97 Abstentions 34,298 24.20 –4.97 Registered voters 141,714 Sources

2016 + Summary of the 26 June 2016 Congress of Deputies election results in Palencia Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 45,965 45.68 +5.38 2 ±0 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 24,751 24.60 +0.05 1 ±0 United We Can (Podemos–IU–Equo)1 15,077 14.98 –2.96 0 ±0 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 12,428 12.35 –1.80 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 761 0.76 +0.16 0 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 273 0.27 –0.52 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 202 0.20 +0.05 0 ±0 Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE de las JONS) 184 0.18 –0.03 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 90 0.09 –0.03 0 ±0 Internationalist Solidarity and Self-Management (SAIn) 57 0.06 –0.01 0 ±0 Blank ballots 838 0.83 –0.12 Total 100,626 3 ±0 Valid votes 100,626 98.81 +0.02 Invalid votes 1,212 1.19 –0.02 Votes cast / turnout 101,838 70.83 –2.53 Abstentions 41,931 29.17 +2.53 Registered voters 143,769 Sources

2015 + Summary of the 20 December 2015 Congress of Deputies election results in Palencia Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 42,182 40.30 –14.85 2 ±0 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 25,698 24.55 –6.73 1 ±0 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 14,814 14.15 New 0 ±0 We Can (Podemos) 14,083 13.45 New 0 ±0 United Left–Popular Unity in Common (IU–UPeC) 4,699 4.49 –1.38 0 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 828 0.79 –3.61 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 624 0.60 +0.27 0 ±0 Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE de las JONS) 218 0.21 –0.01 0 ±0 Blank Seats (EB) 182 0.17 New 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 159 0.15 New 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 126 0.12 New 0 ±0 Internationalist Solidarity and Self-Management (SAIn) 72 0.07 –0.01 0 ±0 Blank ballots 993 0.95 –0.72 Total 104,678 3 ±0 Valid votes 104,678 98.79 +0.31 Invalid votes 1,277 1.21 –0.31 Votes cast / turnout 105,955 73.36 +0.15 Abstentions 38,472 26.64 –0.15 Registered voters 144,427 Sources

2011 + Summary of the 20 November 2011 Congress of Deputies election results in Palencia Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 58,759 55.15 +5.43 2 ±0 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 33,328 31.28 –12.31 1 ±0 United Left of Castile and León: Plural Left (IUCyL) 6,259 5.87 +3.27 0 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 4,686 4.40 +3.12 0 ±0 Party of Castile and León (PCAL)1 565 0.53 +0.18 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 352 0.33 +0.18 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 249 0.23 +0.12 0 ±0 Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE de las JONS) 234 0.22 +0.14 0 ±0 Regionalist Unity of Castile and León (URCL) 174 0.16 New 0 ±0 Internationalist Solidarity and Self-Management (SAIn) 89 0.08 New 0 ±0 Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 77 0.07 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 1,775 1.67 +0.45 Total 106,547 3 ±0 Valid votes 106,547 98.48 –0.77 Invalid votes 1,644 1.52 +0.77 Votes cast / turnout 108,191 73.21 –5.96 Abstentions 39,592 26.79 +5.96 Registered voters 147,783 Sources

2008 + Summary of the 9 March 2008 Congress of Deputies election results in Palencia Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 58,649 49.72 –0.53 2 ±0 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 51,426 43.59 +0.51 1 ±0 United Left–Alternative (IU) 3,069 2.60 –0.24 0 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 1,510 1.28 New 0 ±0 Commoners' Land (TC) 417 0.35 –0.32 0 ±0 The Greens (LV) 338 0.29 New 0 ±0 The Greens of Europe (LVdE) 183 0.16 New 0 ±0 Anti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 177 0.15 New 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Castilian People (PCPC–PCPE) 132 0.11 +0.01 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 132 0.11 New 0 ±0 Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE de las JONS) 100 0.08 +0.02 0 ±0 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 80 0.07 New 0 ±0 Engine and Sports Alternative (AMD) 74 0.06 New 0 ±0 Humanist Party (PH) 67 0.06 –0.07 0 ±0 National Democracy (DN) 56 0.05 ±0.00 0 ±0 Authentic Phalanx (FA) 37 0.03 ±0.00 0 ±0 Spanish Alternative (AES) 36 0.03 New 0 ±0 Spanish Front (Frente) 24 0.02 New 0 ±0 Centrist Party (PCTR) 17 0.01 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 1,440 1.22 –0.74 Total 117,964 3 ±0 Valid votes 117,964 99.25 +0.06 Invalid votes 892 0.75 –0.06 Votes cast / turnout 118,856 79.17 –0.27 Abstentions 31,274 20.83 +0.27 Registered voters 150,130 Sources

2004