Triphoridae is a family of very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the informal group Ptenoglossa, within the clade Hypsogastropoda. Almost all the species in this family are micromollusks and almost all are left-handed in shell-coiling.Bouchet, P. (2012). Triphoridae. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=131 on 2012-06-16
Distribution Species of this family can be found worldwide, but the major part occurs in the Indo-Pacific Region. Most species live between the intertidal zone and offshore to a depth between 200 m to 500 m (exceptionally below 1,000 m).
Shell description The shells of triphorids are small (between 2 mm and 10 mm - exceptionally 50 mm) and extremely high-spired, with numerous narrow whorls which often have distinctive sculpture. The majority of species in this family are left-handed or sinistral.
Taxonomy Facts about their taxonomy are rather scant, complicated by the high diversity and the intra- and inter-specific variability of the species. Most triphorid collections available in Museums of Natural History are still undescribed.Albano & Bakker(2016), Annotated catalogue of the types of Triphoridae (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, with lectotype designations; Zoosyst. Evol. 92 (1) 2016, 33–78 |DOI 10.3897/zse.92.5936
The following subfamilies were recognized in the taxonomy of Bouchet & Rocroi of 2005: Iniforinae Kosuge, 1966 Metaxiinae Marshall, 1977 Triphorinae Gray, 1847
Gründel (1975), stated that the correct family name is Triforidae Jousseaume, 1884 and not Triphoridae, but this is only true when the genera Triforis and Triphora are placed in the same family (Kosuge, 1976). Marshall (1980) however stated that the two genera need to be placed in two different families: the Triforidae and the Triphoridae. WoRMS do not recognise these 3 subfamilies and consider them alternative representation of Triphoridae.
Genera Genera within the family Triphoridae include:Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
Aclophora Laseron, 1958 Aclophoropsis Marshall, 1983 Bouchetriphora Marshall, 1983 Cautor Finlay, 1927 Cautotriphora Laws, 1940 Cheirodonta Marshall, 1983 Coriophora Laseron, 1958 Cosmotriphora Olsson and Harbison, 1953 Costatophora B. A. Marshall, 1994 Differoforis Kosuge, 2008 Euthymella Thiele, 1929 Eutriphora Cotton & Godfrey, 1931 Hedleytriphora Marshall, 1983 Hypotriphora Cotton & Godfrey, 1931 Inella Bayle, 1879 Iniforis Jousseaume, 1884 Isotriphora Cotton & Godfrey, 1931 Latitriphora Marshall, 1983 Liniphora Laseron, 1958 Litharium Dall, 1924 Magnosinister Laseron, 1954 Marshallora Bouchet, 1985 Mastonia Hinds, 1843 Mastoniaeforis Jousseaume, 1884 Metaxia Monterosato, 1884 Monophorus Grillo, 1877 Nanaphora Laseron, 1958 Nototriphora Marshall, 1983 Obesula Jousseaume, 1897 Opimaphora Laseron, 1958 Pogonodon Bouchet, 1997 Sagenotriphora B.A. Marshall, 1983 Seilarex Iredale, 1924 Similiphora Bouchet, 1985 Strobiligera Dall, 1924 Subulophora Laseron, 1958 Sychar Hinds, 1843 Talophora Gründel, 1975 Teretriphora Finlay, 1927 Triphora Blainville, 1828Blainville (1828). Dict. Sci. Nat. 55: 344. Viriola Jousseaume, 1884 Viriolopsis Marshall, 1983
Genera brought into synonymy Biforina Bucquoy, Dautzenberg & Dollfus, 1884 : synonym of Monophorus Grillo, 1877 Brucetriphora Beu, 2004: synonym of Costatophora B. A. Marshall, 1994 Distophora Laseron, 1958:synonym of Cautor Finlay, 1927 Epiforis Laseron, 1958:synonym of Mastoniaeforis Jousseaume, 1884 Euthymia Jousseaume, 1884:synonym of Euthymella Thiele, 1929 Ino Hinds, 1843:synonym of Inella Bayle, 1879 Macrosinister:synonym of Magnosinister Laseron, 1954 Mastoniaeformis [sic] : synonym of Mastoniaeforis Jousseaume, 1884 Mesophora Laseron, 1958: synonym of Coriophora Laseron, 1958 Notosinister Finlay, 1926: synonym of Monophorus Grillo, 1877 Orbitophora Laseron, 1958:synonym of Viriola Jousseaume, 1884 Risbecia Kosuge, 1966:synonym of Differoforis Kosuge, 2008 Sinistroseila W. R. B. Oliver, 1915: synonym of Viriola Jousseaume, 1884 Solosinister Laseron, 1954:synonym of Viriola Jousseaume, 1884 Tetraphora Laseron, 1958:synonym of Brucetriphora Beu, 2004 Torresophora Laseron, 1958: synonym of Euthymella Thiele, 1929 Triforis Deshayes, 1834:synonym of Triphora Blainville, 1828 Triphoris:synonym of Triphora Blainville, 1828
References
Fernandes M..R., Pimenta A.D. & Leal J.H., 2013. Taxonomic review of Triphorinae (Gastropoda: Triphoridae) from the Vitoria-Trindade Seamount Chain, southeastern Brazil. The Nautilus 127(1): 1-18
External links
Serge GOFAS, Ángel A. LUQUE, Joan Daniel OLIVER, José TEMPLADO & Alberto SERRA (2021) - The Mollusca of Galicia Bank (NE Atlantic Ocean); European Journal of Taxonomy 785: 1–114