The 18th Chess Olympiad (), organized by FIDE and comprising an openAlthough commonly referred to as the men's division, this section is open to both male and female players. team tournament, as well as several other events designed to promote the game of chess, took place between October 17 and November 7, 1968, in Lugano, Switzerland.
The Soviet team with six GMs, led by world champion Petrosian, lived up to expectations and won their ninth consecutive gold medals, with Yugoslavia and Bulgaria taking the silver and bronze, respectively.
Results
Preliminaries
A total of 53 teams entered the competition and were divided into seven preliminary groups of seven or eight teams each. The top two from each group advanced to Final A, the teams placed third-fourth to Final B, no. 5-6 to Final C, and the rest to Final D. Preliminary head-to-head results were carried over to the finals, so no teams met more than once. All preliminary groups and finals were played as round-robin tournaments. The results were as follows:
Group 1: No. Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 + −
Points «A»
4 3½ 4 3½ 4 4 4
7 0 0 27 «A» 0
2½ 1½ 3½ 3½ 4 4
5 2 0 19 «B» ½ 1½
2 3½ 3½ 4 4
4 2 1 19 «B» 0 2½ 2
3 3 4 4
5 1 1 18½ «C» ½ ½ ½ 1
2 3 3
2 4 1 10½ «C» 0 ½ ½ 1 2
3 3
2 4 1 10 «D» 0 0 0 0 1 1
2½
1 6 0 4½ «D» 0 0 0 0 1 1 1½
0 7 0 3½
Group 2: No. Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 + −
Points «A»
2½ 2 2½ 2½ 3½ 3½
5 0 1 16½ «A» 1½
2½ 2½ 3½ 3½ 3
5 1 0 16½ «B» 2 1½
1 3½ 2½ 2½
3 2 1 13 «B» 1½ 1½ 3
1½ 2½ 2
2 3 1 12 «C» 1½ ½ ½ 2½
1½ 3
2 4 0 9½ «C» ½ ½ 1½ 1½ 2½
2½
2 4 0 9 «D» ½ 1 1½ 2 1 1½
0 5 1 7½
Group 3: No. Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 + −
Points «A»
2½ 3 2½ 4 3½ 4
6 0 0 19½ «A» 1½
2½ 3½ 3½ 3½ 4
5 1 0 18½ «B» 1 1½
2½ 4 4 4
4 2 0 17 «B» 1½ ½ 1½
2 3 4
2 3 1 12½ «C» 0 ½ 0 2
2½ 3½
2 3 1 8½ «C» ½ ½ 0 1 1½
1
0 6 0 4½ «D» 0 0 0 0 ½ 3
1 5 0 3½
Group 4: No. Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 + −
Points «A»
3 2½ 3 3½ 3½ 3½ 3½
7 0 0 22½ «A» 1
2½ 2½ 3½ 3 3 4
6 1 0 19½ «B» 1½ 1½
3½ 2½ 4 2½ 4
5 2 0 19½ «B» 1 1½ ½
2½ 3 3 4
4 3 0 15½ «C» ½ ½ 1½ 1½
1 3 3
2 5 0 11 «C» ½ 1 0 1 3
2 2½
2 4 1 10 «D» ½ 1 1½ 1 1 2
3
1 5 1 10 «D» ½ 0 0 0 1 1½ 1
0 7 0 4
Group 5: No. Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 + −
Points «A»
2 3½ 2½ 2½ 3½ 4 4
6 0 1 22 «A» 2
3 2½ 2½ 2½ 3½ 4
6 0 1 20 «B» ½ 1
3 3 3 3½ 4
5 2 0 18 «B» 1½ 1½ 1
2 3½ 3½ 4
3 3 1 17 «C» 1½ 1½ 1 2
2 3 4
2 3 2 15 «C» ½ 1½ 1 ½ 2
3 2½
2 4 1 11 «D» 0 ½ ½ ½ 1 1
3
1 6 0 6½ «D» 0 0 0 0 0 1½ 1
0 7 0 2½
Group 6: No. Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 + −
Points «A»
2½ 2½ 3 3½ 4 4
6 0 0 19½ «A» 1½
3 3½ 4 3½ 4
5 1 0 19½ «B» 1½ 1
2½ 2 3 3½
3 2 1 13½ «B» 1 ½ 1½
3 2½ 3
3 3 0 11½ «C» ½ 0 2 1
4 3
2 3 1 10½ «C» 0 ½ 1 1½ 0
2
0 5 1 5 «D» 0 0 ½ 1 1 2
0 5 1 4½
Group 7: No. Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 + −
Points «A»
2½ 3 2½ 2½ 4 4 4
7 0 0 22½ «A» 1½
2 2½ 4 4 4 4
5 1 1 22 «B» 1 2
3½ 2 3 4 4
4 1 2 19½ «B» 1½ 1½ ½
2½ 3½ 3½ 4
4 3 0 17 «C» 1½ 0 2 1½
1½ 2½ 4
2 4 1 13 «C» 0 0 1 ½ 2½
2½ 4
3 4 0 10½ «D» 0 0 0 ½ 1½ 1½
4
1 6 0 7½ «D» 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 7 0 0
Final
{| class="wikitable" |+ Final A ! # !!Country !! Players !! Points !! MP |- | style="background:gold;"|1 || || Petrosian, Spassky, Korchnoi, Geller, Polugaevsky, Smyslov || 39½ || |- | style="background:silver;"|2 || || Gligorić, Ivkov, Matanović, Matulović, Parma, Čirić || 31 || |- | style="background:#cc9966;"|3 || || Bobotsov, Tringov, Padevsky, Kolarov, Radulov, Peev || 30 || |- | 4 || || Reshevsky, Evans, Benko, R. Byrne, Lombardy, D. Byrne || 29½ || |- | 5 || || Unzicker, Schmid, Darga, Pfleger, Hübner, Hecht || 29 || |- | 6 || || Portisch, Szabó, Bilek, Lengyel, Barcza, Csom || 27½ || |- | 7 || || Najdorf, Panno, Sanguineti, Rossetto, Rubinetti, García || 26 || 15 |- | 8 || || Gheorghiu, Ciocâltea, Ghițescu, Drimer, Soós, Ungureanu || 26 || 14 |- | 9 || || Hort, Filip, Smejkal, Jansa, Augustin, Janata || 24½ || 12 |- | 10 || || Uhlmann, Pietzsch, Zinn, Malich, Liebert, Hennings || 24½ || 11 |- | 11 || || Kostro, Bednarski, Doda, Schmidt, Adamski, Grąbczewski || 23 || |- | 12 || || Larsen, Brinck-Claussen, Hamann, Holm, Petersen, Nørby || 21 || |- | 13 || || Yanofsky, Suttles, Macskasy, Allan, Day, Schulman || 19 || |- | 14 || || Reyes, Balinas, De Castro, Naranja, Bandal, Rodríguez || 13½ ||
{| class="wikitable" |+ Final B ! # !! Country !! Players !! Points !! MP |- | 15 || || Donner, Ree, Langeweg, Bouwmeester, Kuijpers, Prins || 33½ || |- | 16 || || Penrose, Kottnauer, Clarke, Keene, Lee, Basman || 33 || |- | 17 || || Dückstein, Prameshuber, Stoppel, Janetschek, Kinzel, Niedermayr || 30½ || |- | 18 || || Czerniak, Porat, Kraidman, Kagan, Domnitz, Peretz || 30 || |- | 19 || || Pomar, Medina, Torán, Visier, Calvo, Palacios de la Prida || 28½ || |- | 20 || || Jiménez, García Martínez, Cobo, Rodríguez Gonzáles, Ortega, Carlos Diaz || 27 || 14 |- | 21 || || Keller, Kupper, Blau, Bhend, Walther, Glauser || 27 || 12 |- | 22 || || Jóhannsson, Sigurjónsson, Kristjánsson, Kristinsson, Thorsteinsson, Ásmundsson || 26 || |- | 23 || || Westerinen, Ojanen, Havansi, Koskinen, Kajan, Venäläinen || 24½ || |- | 24 || || Jansson, Nilsson, Johansson, Broström, Olsson, Sköld || 22½ || |- | 25 || || Mecking, German, Câmara, Rocha, Miranda, Pinto Paiva || 21½ || |- | 26 || || O'Kelly, Boey, Rooze, Cornelis, Beyen, Dunkelblum || 20½ || |- | 27 || || Üitümen, Myagmarsuren, Lhagva, Zorigt, Badamgarav G., Purevzhav || 20 || |- | 28 || || Fairhurst, Davie, McAlpine, Levy, Freeman, McKay || 19½ ||
{| class="wikitable" |+ Final C ! # !! Country !! Players !! Points !! MP |- | 29 || || Hamilton, Fuller, Koshnitsky, Flatow, Viner, Shaw || 38 || |- | 30 || || Johannessen, Hoen, Svedenborg, Zwaig, Wibe, de Lange || 36 || |- | 31 || || Giustolisi, Cappello, Zichichi, Primavera, Magrin, Romani || 31½ || |- | 32 || || Caro, Villarroel, Budowski, Schorr, Diaz, Robles || 30 || |- | 33 || || Süer, İbrahimoğlu, Uzman, Boysan, Bilyap, Külür || 29½ || |- | 34 || || Vizantiadis, Siaperas, Trikaliotis, Ornithopoulos, Kokkoris, Rizopoulos || 28½ || |- | 35 || || Cordovil, Sardinha, Durão, Santos, Pereira || 27½ || 16 |- | 36 || || Friedgood, Kroon, Heyns, Morschel, Griffiths, Hangelbroek || 27½ || 14 |- | 37 || || Belkadi, Bouaziz, Kchouk, Lagha, Ben Rehouma, Hentati || 26 || |- | 38 || || Heidenfeld, Littleton, Reilly, O'Riordan, McCurdy, De Loughrey || 21 || |- | 39 || || Feller, Philippe, Wantz, Dietrich, Schammo, Stull || 20½ || |- | 40 || || Kaplan, Buitrago, Colón Romero A., Reissmann, Sacarello, Benítez || 19½ || |- | 41 || || Bakali, Hadri, Kaderi, Nejjar, Soussi, Benabud || 16 || |- | 42 || || Casa, Weiss, Donné, Kostjoerin, Kann, Muziole || 12½ ||
{| class="wikitable" |+ Final D ! # !! Country !! Players !! Points !! MP |- | 43 || || Tan, Ann, Seng, Kwee, Seng, On || 32 || |- | 44 || || Boutteville, Letzelter, Huguet, Jean, Thiellement, Ferry || 30 || |- | 45 || || Silva, Recalde, Prieto, Gonzáles, Cantero, Levy || 27½ || |- | 46 || || Castro Aguilar, Winter Gallegos, Delgado, Flores Soto, Araiza, Terrazas || 23½ || 13 |- | 47 || || Myers, Malagón A., Malagón C., Belliard Alonzo, Yabra, Andujar || 23½ || 12 |- | 48 || || Kazanski, Gibbs, Hardt, Hobson, Badilles || 22½ || |- | 49 || || Rovira Mas, Van der Laat Ulloa, Wyss, Rojas, Quesada, Batres || 14½ || |- | 50 || || Salameh, Bedrossian, Galeb, Rizk, Cabbouche || 13½ || |- | 51 || || Constantinou, Kleopas, Avgousti, Lantsias, Cababe || 13 || |- | 52 || || Hook, Hoyt, Roebuck, Edwards, Potter, Garrison || 11 || |- | 53 || || Jiménez, De la Casa, Corominas, Gómez Abad, Soler, Pantebre Martínez || 9 ||
Final «A» Matches played in semi-finals are italicized. No. Country 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 + −
Points 1
2½ 3 3½ 2 3 2½ 3 3 3 4 4 2 4
11 0 2 39½ 2 1½
1½ 2 2 2½ 1½ 2½ 2½ 3 2½ 3 2½ 4
8 3 2 31 3 1 2½
2 2 2½ 1½ 3½ 2½ 2½ 2½ 2 2 3½
7 2 4 30 4 ½ 2 2
2½ 2½ 3 2½ 2½ 1½ 3 1½ 4 2
7 3 3 29½ 5 2 2 2 1½
2½ 3½ 2 1½ 2 2 2 2½ 3½
4 2 7 29 6 1 1½ 1½ 1½ 1½
2½ 2½ 2 2 3 3 3 2½
6 5 2 27½ 7 1½ 2½ 2½ 1 ½ 1½
2 2 2½ 2 2½ 3 2½
6 4 3 26 8 1 1½ ½ 1½ 2 1½ 2
2½ 2½ 2½ 3 3 2½
6 5 2 26 9 1 1½ 1½ 1½ 2½ 2 2 1½
2½ ½ 3 2½ 2½
5 6 2 24½ 10 1 1 1½ 2½ 2 2 1½ 1½ 1½
2 2½ 2½ 3
4 6 3 24½ 11 0 1½ 1½ 1 2 1 2 1½ 3½ 2
1½ 3 2½
3 7 3 23 12 0 1 2 2½ 2 1 1½ 1 1 1½ 2½
2½ 2½
4 7 2 21 13 2 1½ 2 0 1½ 1 1 1 1½ 1½ 1 1½
3½
1 10 2 19 14 0 0 ½ 2 ½ 1½ 1½ 1½ 1½ 1 1½ 1½ ½
0 12 1 13½
Final «B» Matches played in semi-finals are italicized. No. Country 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 + −
Points 15
3 2½ 2 2 1½ 2 2½ 3½ 2½ 3½ 3½ 2½ 2½
9 1 3 33½ 16 1
2 2 2½ 3½ 1½ 2½ 2½ 3 3 3 3½ 3
9 2 2 33 17 1½ 2
½ 3 2 3 3 2½ 2 3 2 3 3
7 2 4 30½ 18 2 2 3½
2 2½ 2 2 2½ 2 2 2 2½ 3
5 0 8 30 19 2 1½ 1 2
2 2½ 3 2 2½ 1½ 3 3 2½
6 3 4 28½ 20 2½ ½ 2 1½ 2
1 ½ 2 3½ 3½ 3 2 3
5 4 4 27 21 2 2½ 1 2 1½ 3
1½ 1½ 1 3 2 4 2
4 5 4 27 22 1½ 1½ 1 2 1 3½ 2½
1½ 2 2 3 2½ 2
4 5 4 26 23 ½ 1½ 1½ 1½ 2 2 2½ 2½
2½ 2 1½ 1 3½
4 6 3 24½ 24 1½ 1 2 2 1½ ½ 3 2 1½
1 1½ 3 2
2 7 4 22½ 25 ½ 1 1 2 2½ ½ 1 2 2 3
2½ 1½ 2
3 6 4 21½ 26 ½ 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 2½ 2½ 1½
1 2½
3 7 3 20½ 27 1½ ½ 1 1½ 1 2 0 1½ 3 1 2½ 3
1½
3 9 1 20 28 1½ 1 1 1 1½ 1 2 2 ½ 2 2 1½ 2½
1 8 4 19½
Final «C» Matches played in semi-finals are italicized. No. Country 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 + −
Points 29
3 2 1½ 1½ 3½ 3½ 2½ 3 3½ 3½ 4 3 3½
10 2 1 38 30 1
2 2 2 3 4 4 1 3 4 2 4 4
7 2 4 36 31 2 2
1½ 2½ 3 2 2½ 3 2½ 2 1½ 4 3
7 2 4 31½ 32 2½ 2 2½
2½ 1½ 1 1 2 4 3 2 3 3
7 3 3 30 33 2½ 2 1½ 1½
2 1½ 2 2½ 1 2½ 3½ 3½ 3½
6 4 3 29½ 34 ½ 1 1 2½ 2
1 3½ 1½ 3 2½ 3 4 3
7 5 1 28½ 35 ½ 0 2 3 2½ 3
1 1½ 2½ 2 3 3 3½
7 4 2 27½ 36 1½ 0 1½ 3 2 ½ 3
4 2 2½ 3 1 3½
6 5 2 27½ 37 1 3 1 2 1½ 2½ 2½ 0
3 2½ 2 2½ 2½
7 4 2 26 38 ½ 1 1½ 0 3 1 1½ 2 1
2 2 2½ 3
3 7 3 21 39 ½ 0 2 1 1½ 1½ 2 1½ 1½ 2
2½ 2 2½
2 7 4 20½ 40 0 2 2½ 2 ½ 1 1 1 2 2 1½
2 2
1 6 6 19½ 41 1 0 0 1 ½ 0 1 3 1½ 1½ 2 2
2½
2 9 2 16 42 ½ 0 1 1 ½ 1 ½ ½ 1½ 1 1½ 2 1½
0 12 1 12½
Final «D» Matches played in semi-finals are italicized. No. Country 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 + −
Points 43
1½ 2 3 4 2½ 4 4 3 4 4
8 1 1 32 44 2½
1½ 1½ 3 3½ 3½ 3½ 3 4 4
8 2 0 30 45 2 2½
2½ 1½ 2 3 3½ 3 4 3½
7 1 2 27½ 46 1 2½ 1½
2½ 1½ 2 3½ 2½ 3 3½
6 3 1 23½ 47 0 1 2½ 1½
3 3 1½ 3½ 3½ 4
6 4 0 23½ 48 1½ ½ 2 2½ 1
3½ 3