The 103rd United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 1993, to January 3, 1995, during the final weeks of George H. W. Bush's presidency and in the first two years of Bill Clinton's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1990 United States census.
This is the most recent Congress to have a Democratic senator from Texas, Bob Krueger, who lost election to finish Lloyd Bentsen's term in 1993. Along with two Democratic senators from the state of Tennessee, Jim Sasser and Harlan Mathews. Jim Sasser lost re-election and Harlan Mathews retired in 1994. In addition, a Democratic senator from the state of Oklahoma, David Boren, resigned in the final weeks of the Congress.
Both chambers maintained a Democratic majority, and with Bill Clinton being sworn in as president on January 20, 1993, this gave the Democrats an overall federal government trifecta for the first time since the 96th Congress in 1979.
Major events
January 20, 1993: Bill Clinton became the 42nd president of the United States. February 17, 1993: President Clinton addressed a joint session of Congress February 26, 1993: World Trade Center bombing: In New York City, a van bomb parked below the North Tower of the World Trade Center exploded, killing 6 and injuring over 1,000. February 28, 1993: Waco siege: Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms agents raided the Branch Davidian compound in Waco, Texas, with a warrant to arrest leader David Koresh on federal firearms violations. Four agents and 5 Davidians died in the raid. April 19, 1993: Waco siege: The 51-day standoff ended with a fire that killed 76 people, including Koresh. September 22, 1993: President Clinton addressed a joint session of Congress to promote health care reform. October 3, 1993: Operation Gothic Serpent: In Mogadishu, Somalia, two U.S. Army UH-60 Blackhawks were shot down and the operation left over 1000 Somalis dead and over 73 Americans WIA, 19 KIA, and 1 captured. January 17, 1994: 1994 Northridge earthquake: A magnitude 6.7 quake hit the San Fernando Valley of Los Angeles at 4:31 a.m., killing 72 and leaving 26,029 homeless. February 22, 1994: Aldrich Ames and his wife were arrested for spying for the Soviet Union. February 28, 1994: 4 United States fighter jets shot down 4 Serbian jets over Bosnia and Herzegovina for violating Operation Deny Flight and its no-fly zone. September 19, 1994: Operation Uphold Democracy: American troops staged a bloodless invasion of Haiti to restore the elected president to power. October 1, 1994: Palau achieved independence and became an associated state under the Compact of Free Association. November 8, 1994: Republican Revolution: The Republican Party won control of both the House and the Senate in midterm congressional elections, the first time in 40 years the Republicans secured control of both houses of Congress.
Major legislation
February 5, 1993: Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, , May 20, 1993: National Voter Registration Act of 1993, , August 3, 1993: Government Performance and Results Act, , August 10, 1993: Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993, , September 21, 1993: National and Community Service Trust Act of 1993, , November 16, 1993: Religious Freedom Restoration Act, , November 30, 1993: Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act (Brady Bill), , title I, November 30, 1993: Don't ask, don't tell (as § 574 of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1994), , December 8, 1993: North American Free Trade Agreement Implementation Act, , December 17, 1993: FRIENDSHIP Act of 1993, , May 26, 1994: Freedom of Access to Clinic Entrances Act, , September 13, 1994: Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act (including the Violence Against Women Act and the Federal Assault Weapons Ban), , September 29, 1994: Riegle–Neal Interstate Banking and Branching Efficiency Act of 1994 October 20, 1994: Improving America's Schools Act of 1994, October 25, 1994 Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act October 25 Immigration and Nationality Technical Corrections Act of 1994 (INTCA or H. R. 783), Pub. L. 10 October 31, 1994 California Desert Protection Act of 1994, November 2, 1994 Healthy Meals for Healthy Americans Act of 1994
Party summary Senate
House of Representatives Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) Total Democratic Independent Republican Vacant End of the previous Congress 267 1 166 434 1 Begin 258 1 176 435 0 End 256 177 434 1 Final voting share 59.2% 40.8% Non-voting members 4 0 0 5 0 Beginning of the next Congress 204 1 230 435 0
Leadership
Senate
President: Dan Quayle (R), until January 20, 1993 Al Gore (D), from January 20, 1993 President pro tempore: Robert Byrd (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership Majority Leader and Policy Committee Chairman: George Mitchell Majority Whip: Wendell Ford Senatorial Campaign Committee Chair: Bob Graham Democratic Caucus Secretary: David Pryor Policy Committee Co-Chair: Harry Reid Chief Deputy Whip: John Breaux
Minority (Republican) leadership Minority Leader: Bob Dole Minority Whip: Alan Simpson Republican Conference Chairman: Thad Cochran Policy Committee Chairman: Don Nickles Republican Conference Vice-Chairman: Trent Lott National Senatorial Committee Chair: Phil Gramm
House of Representatives
Speaker: Tom Foley (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership Majority Leader: Dick Gephardt Majority Whip: David Bonior Democratic Caucus Chairman: Steny Hoyer Democratic Caucus Vice-Chairman: Vic Fazio Deputy Majority Whips: Barbara Kennelly, Butler Derrick, John Lewis, & Bill Richardson
Minority (Republican) leadership Minority Leader: Bob Michel Minority Whip: Newt Gingrich Chief Deputy Whip: Bob Walker Republican Conference Chairman: Dick Armey Republican Conference Vice-Chairman: Bill McCollum Republican Conference Secretary: Tom DeLay Policy Committee Chairman: Henry Hyde Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Bill Paxon
Members This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed by class, and representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress, In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1994; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1996; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1998.
Alabama 2. Howell Heflin (D) 3. Richard Shelby (D, then R from November 9, 1994)
Alaska 2. Ted Stevens (R) 3. Frank Murkowski (R)
Arizona 1. Dennis DeConcini (D) 3. John McCain (R)
Arkansas 2. David Pryor (D) 3. Dale Bumpers (D)
California 1. Dianne Feinstein (D) 3. Barbara Boxer (D)
Colorado 2. Hank Brown (R) 3. Ben Nighthorse Campbell (D)
Connecticut 1. Joe Lieberman (D) 3. Chris Dodd (D)
Delaware 1. William Roth (R) 2. Joe Biden (D)
Florida 1. Connie Mack III (R) 3. Bob Graham (D)
Georgia 2. Sam Nunn (D) 3. Paul Coverdell (R)
Hawaii 1. Daniel Akaka (D) 3. Daniel Inouye (D)
Idaho 2. Larry Craig (R) 3. Dirk Kempthorne (R)
Illinois 2. Paul Simon (D) 3. Carol Moseley Braun (D)
Indiana 1. Richard Lugar (R) 3. Dan Coats (R)
Iowa 2. Tom Harkin (D) 3. Chuck Grassley (R)
Kansas 2. Nancy Kassebaum (R) 3. Bob Dole (R)
Kentucky 2. Mitch McConnell (R) 3. Wendell Ford (D)
Louisiana 2. J. Bennett Johnston (D) 3. John Breaux (D)
Maine 1. George J. Mitchell (D) 2. William Cohen (R)
Maryland 1. Paul Sarbanes (D) 3. Barbara Mikulski (D)
Massachusetts 1. Ted Kennedy (D) 2. John Kerry (D)
Michigan 1. Donald Riegle (D) 2. Carl Levin (D)
Minnesota 1. David Durenberger (I-R)/(R) 2. Paul Wellstone (DFL)
Mississippi 1. Trent Lott (R) 2. Thad Cochran (R)
Missouri 1. John Danforth (R) 3. Kit Bond (R)
Montana 1. Conrad Burns (R) 2. Max Baucus (D)
Nebraska 1. Bob Kerrey (D) 2. J. James Exon (D)
Nevada 1. Richard Bryan (D) 3. Harry Reid (D)
New Hampshire 2. Bob Smith (R) 3. Judd Gregg (R)
New Jersey 1. Frank Lautenberg (D) 2. Bill Bradley (D)
New Mexico 1. Jeff Bingaman (D) 2. Pete Domenici (R)
New York 1. Daniel Patrick Moynihan (D) 3. Al D'Amato (R)
North Carolina 2. Jesse Helms (R) 3. Lauch Faircloth (R)
North Dakota 1. Kent Conrad (D-NPL) 3. Byron Dorgan (D-NPL)
Ohio 1. Howard Metzenbaum (D) 3. John Glenn (D)
Oklahoma 2. David Boren (D), until November 15, 1994 Jim Inhofe (R), from November 17, 1994 3. Don Nickles (R)
Oregon 2. Mark Hatfield (R) 3. Bob Packwood (R)
Pennsylvania 1. Harris Wofford (D) 3. Arlen Specter (R)
Rhode Island 1. John Chafee (R) 2. Claiborne Pell (D)
South Carolina 2. Strom Thurmond (R) 3. Fritz Hollings (D)
South Dakota 2. Larry Pressler (R) 3. Tom Daschle (D)
Tennessee 1. Jim Sasser (D) 2. Harlan Mathews (D), until December 1, 1994 Fred Thompson (R), from December 2, 1994
Texas 1. Lloyd Bentsen (D), until January 20, 1993 Bob Krueger (D), January 21, 1993 – June 14, 1993 Kay Bailey Hutchison (R), from June 14, 1993 2. Phil Gramm (R)
Utah 1. Orrin Hatch (R) 3. Bob Bennett (R)
Vermont 1. Jim Jeffords (R) 3. Patrick Leahy (D)
Virginia 1. Chuck Robb (D) 2. John Warner (R)
Washington 1. Slade Gorton (R) 3. Patty Murray (D)
West Virginia 1. Robert Byrd (D) 2. Jay Rockefeller (D)
Wisconsin 1. Herb Kohl (D) 3. Russ Feingold (D)
Wyoming 1. Malcolm Wallop (R) 2. Alan Simpson (R)
House of Representatives
Alabama . Sonny Callahan (R) . Terry Everett (R) . Glen Browder (D) . Tom Bevill (D) . Robert E. Cramer (D) . Spencer Bachus (R) . Earl Hilliard (D)
Alaska . Don Young (R)
Arizona . Sam Coppersmith (D) . Ed Pastor (D) . Bob Stump (R) . Jon Kyl (R) . Jim Kolbe (R) . Karan English (D)
Arkansas . Blanche Lincoln (D) . Ray Thornton (D) . Tim Hutchinson (R) . Jay Dickey (R)
California . Dan Hamburg (D) . Wally Herger (R) . Vic Fazio (D) . John Doolittle (R) . Bob Matsui (D) . Lynn Woolsey (D) . George Miller (D) . Nancy Pelosi (D) . Ron Dellums (D) . William P. Baker (R) . Richard Pombo (R) . Tom Lantos (D) . Pete Stark (D) . Anna Eshoo (D) . Norman Mineta (D) . Don Edwards (D) . Leon Panetta (D), until January 22, 1993 Sam Farr (D), from June 8, 1993 . Gary Condit (D) . Richard H. Lehman (D) . Cal Dooley (D) . Bill Thomas (R) . Michael Huffington (R) . Elton Gallegly (R) . Anthony Beilenson (D) . Buck McKeon (R) . Howard Berman (D) . Carlos Moorhead (R) . David Dreier (R) . Henry Waxman (D) . Xavier Becerra (D) . Matthew G. Martínez (D) . Julian Dixon (D) . Lucille Roybal-Allard (D) . Esteban Edward Torres (D) . Maxine Waters (D) . Jane Harman (D) . Walter R. Tucker III (D) . Stephen Horn (R) . Ed Royce (R) . Jerry Lewis (R) . Jay Kim (R) . George Brown Jr. (D) . Ken Calvert (R) . Al McCandless (R) . Dana Rohrabacher (R) . Bob Dornan (R) . Christopher Cox (R) . Ron Packard (R) . Lynn Schenk (D) . Bob Filner (D) . Duke Cunningham (R) . Duncan L. Hunter (R)
Colorado . Pat Schroeder (D) . David Skaggs (D) . Scott McInnis (R) . Wayne Allard (R) . Joel Hefley (R) . Dan Schaefer (R)
Connecticut . Barbara B. Kennelly (D) . Sam Gejdenson (D) . Rosa DeLauro (D) . Chris Shays (R) . Gary A. Franks (R) . Nancy Johnson (R)
Delaware . Mike Castle (R)
Florida . Earl Hutto (D) . Pete Peterson (D) . Corrine Brown (D) . Tillie Fowler (R) . Karen Thurman (D) . Cliff Stearns (R) . John Mica (R) . Bill McCollum (R) . Michael Bilirakis (R) . Bill Young (R) . Sam M. Gibbons (D) . Charles T. Canady (R) . Dan Miller (R)