The 106th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from January 3, 1999, to January 3, 2001, during the last two years of Bill Clinton's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1990 United States census. Both chambers maintained a Republican majority.
This is the most recent Congress with Republican senators from the states of Delaware (William Roth), Michigan (Spencer Abraham) and Washington (Slade Gorton), all of whom lost re-election in 2000. It was the first Congress where Baby boomers comprised the majority of the House of Representatives.
Major events
January 7, 1999 – February 12, 1999: Impeachment trial of Bill Clinton March 24, 1999 – June 10, 1999: NATO bombing of Yugoslavia March 29, 1999: Dow Jones Industrial Average ended above 10,000 for the first time. April 20, 1999: Columbine High School massacre April 3, 2000: United States v. Microsoft: Federal court held Microsoft liable for anti-trust violations November 7, 2000: Presidential election, Senate election, House election November 7, 2000 – December 13, 2000: Presidential election, Florida recount, and Bush v. Gore litigation
Major legislation
May 21, 1999: Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act, (Kosovo operations) August 17, 1999: Water Resources Development Act of 1999, October 26, 1999: Wireless Communications and Public Safety Act of 1999, Pub.L. 106-81 November 12, 1999: Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Services Modernization Act, November 29, 1999: American Inventors Protection Act, (including Anticybersquatting Consumer Protection Act) December 9, 1999: Digital Theft Deterrence and Copyright Damages Improvement Act of 1999, Pub.L. 106-160 December 14, 1999: Foster Care Independence Act, March 14, 2000: Iran Nonproliferation Act of 2000, April 5, 2000: Wendell H. Ford Aviation Investment and Reform Act for the 21st Century, May 18, 2000: African Growth and Opportunity Act, May 26, 2000: Hmong Veterans' Naturalization Act of 2000, Pub.L. 106-207 May 26, 2000: Muhammad Ali Boxing Reform Act, Pub.L. 106-210 June 22, 2000: Agricultural Risk Protection Act of 2000, Pub.L. 106-224 June 30, 2000: Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, August 7, 2000: Oceans Act, August 19, 2000: Global AIDS and Tuberculosis Relief Act of 2000, Pub.L. 106-264 September 22, 2000: Religious Land Use and Institutionalized Persons Act, October 10, 2000: U.S.-China Relations Act of 2000, Pub.L. 106-286 October 17, 2000: Children's Health Act, October 28, 2000: Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000, October 30, 2000: Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act, October 30, 2000: Secure Rural Schools and Community Self-Determination Act of 2000, Pub.L. 106-393 October 30, 2000: Child Citizenship Act of 2000, November 1, 2000: Transportation Recall Enhancement, Accountability, and Documentation (TREAD) Act, Pub.L. 106-414 November 22, 2000: Military Extraterritorial Jurisdiction Act of 2000, Pub.L. 106-523 December 11, 2000: Water Resources Development Act of 2000, December 19, 2000: DNA Analysis Backlog Elimination Act of 2000, Pub.L. 106-546 December 21, 2000: Legal Immigration Family Equity Act, December 21, 2000: Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2001, (includes Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000, Children's Internet Protection Act, Community Renewal Tax Relief Act of 2000) December 21, 2000: Shark Finning Prohibition Act, Pub.L. 106-557
Treaties considered October 13, 1999: Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty: RejectedComprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty, via THOMAS
Party summary
Senate
Membership changed with two deaths.
Affiliation Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) Total Democratic Republican Vacant End of previous Congress 45 55 100 0 Begin 45 55 100 0 October 24, 1999 54 99 1 November 2, 1999 55 100 0 July 18, 2000 54 99 1 July 25, 2000 46 100 0 Final voting share 46% 54% Beginning of the next Congress 50 50 100 0
House of Representatives There were two resignations and three deaths. Affiliation Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) Total Democratic Independent Republican Vacant End of previous Congress 206 1 228 435 0 Begin 211 1 223 435 0 March 2, 1999 222 434 1 June 7, 1999 223 435 0 July 16, 1999 210 434 1 July 17, 1999 211 222 434 1 November 17, 1999 212 435 0 January 27, 2000 2 221 435 0 July 27, 2000 210 435 0 September 11, 2000 209 434 1 October 10, 2000 208 434 2 December 8, 2000 222 433 3 End 433 3 Final voting share 48.5% 0.3% 51.2% Beginning of the next Congress 211 2 221 434 1
Leadership
Senate
President: Al Gore (D) President pro tempore: Strom Thurmond (R)
Majority (Republican) leadership
Majority Leader: Trent Lott Majority Whip: Don Nickles Republican Conference Chairman: Connie Mack III Republican Conference Secretary: Paul Coverdell Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Mitch McConnell Policy Committee Chairman: Larry Craig
Minority (Democratic) leadership
Minority Leader: Tom Daschle Minority Whip: Harry Reid Policy Committee Chairman: Byron Dorgan Democratic Conference Secretary: Barbara Mikulski Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Robert Torricelli Chief Deputy Whip: John Breaux
House of Representatives
Speaker: Dennis Hastert (R)
Majority (Republican) leadership
Majority Leader: Dick Armey Majority Whip: Tom DeLay Chief Deputy Whip: Roy Blunt Republican Conference Chairman: J. C. Watts Republican Conference Vice-Chairman: Tillie Fowler Republican Conference Secretary: Deborah Pryce Policy Committee Chairman: Christopher Cox Republican Campaign Committee Chairman: Tom Davis House Rules Committee Chairman: David Dreier
Minority (Democratic) leadership
Minority Leader: Dick Gephardt Minority Whip: David Bonior Chief Deputy Minority Whips: Chet Edwards, John Lewis, Ed Pastor & Maxine Waters Democratic Caucus Chairman: Martin Frost Democratic Caucus Vice Chairman: Bob Menendez Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Patrick J. Kennedy
Members Skip to House of Representatives, below
Senate
In this Congress, Class 1 meant their term ended with this Congress, facing re-election in 2000; Class 2 meant their term began in the last Congress, facing re-election in 2002; and Class 3 meant their term began in this Congress, facing re-election in 2004.
Alabama 2. Jeff Sessions (R) 3. Richard Shelby (R)
Alaska 2. Ted Stevens (R) 3. Frank Murkowski (R)
Arizona 1. Jon Kyl (R) 3. John McCain (R)
Arkansas 2. Tim Hutchinson (R) 3. Blanche Lincoln (D)
California 1. Dianne Feinstein (D) 3. Barbara Boxer (D)
Colorado 2. Wayne Allard (R) 3. Ben Nighthorse Campbell (R)
Connecticut 1. Joe Lieberman (D) 3. Chris Dodd (D)
Delaware 1. William Roth (R) 2. Joe Biden (D)
Florida 1. Connie Mack III (R) 3. Bob Graham (D)
Georgia 2. Max Cleland (D) 3. Paul Coverdell (R), until July 18, 2000 Zell Miller (D), from July 27, 2000
Hawaii 1. Daniel Akaka (D) 3. Daniel Inouye (D)
Idaho 2. Larry Craig (R) 3. Mike Crapo (R)
Illinois 2. Dick Durbin (D) 3. Peter Fitzgerald (R)
Indiana 1. Richard Lugar (R) 3. Evan Bayh (D)
Iowa 2. Tom Harkin (D) 3. Chuck Grassley (R)
Kansas 2. Pat Roberts (R) 3. Sam Brownback (R)
Kentucky 2. Mitch McConnell (R) 3. Jim Bunning (R)
Louisiana 2. Mary Landrieu (D) 3. John Breaux (D)
Maine 1. Olympia Snowe (R) 2. Susan Collins (R)
Maryland 1. Paul Sarbanes (D) 3. Barbara Mikulski (D)
Massachusetts 1. Ted Kennedy (D) 2. John Kerry (D)
Michigan 1. Spencer Abraham (R) 2. Carl Levin (D)
Minnesota 1. Rod Grams (R) 2. Paul Wellstone (DFL)
Mississippi 1. Trent Lott (R) 2. Thad Cochran (R)
Missouri 1. John Ashcroft (R) 3. Kit Bond (R)
Montana 1. Conrad Burns (R) 2. Max Baucus (D)
Nebraska 1. Bob Kerrey (D) 2. Chuck Hagel (R)
Nevada 1. Richard Bryan (D) 3. Harry Reid (D)
New Hampshire 2. Bob Smith (R) 3. Judd Gregg (R)
New Jersey 1. Frank Lautenberg (D) 2. Robert Torricelli (D)
New Mexico 1. Jeff Bingaman (D) 2. Pete Domenici (R)
New York 1. Daniel Patrick Moynihan (D) 3. Chuck Schumer (D)
North Carolina 2. Jesse Helms (R) 3. John Edwards (D)
North Dakota 1. Kent Conrad (D-NPL) 3. Byron Dorgan (D-NPL)
Ohio 1. Mike DeWine (R) 3. George Voinovich (R)
Oklahoma 2. Jim Inhofe (R) 3. Don Nickles (R)
Oregon 2. Gordon H. Smith (R) 3. Ron Wyden (D)
Pennsylvania 1. Rick Santorum (R) 3. Arlen Specter (R)
Rhode Island 1. John Chafee (R), until October 24, 1999 Lincoln Chafee (R), from November 2, 1999 2. Jack Reed (D)
South Carolina 2. Strom Thurmond (R) 3. Fritz Hollings (D)
South Dakota 2. Tim Johnson (D) 3. Tom Daschle (D)
Tennessee 1. Bill Frist (R) 2. Fred Thompson (R)
Texas 1. Kay Bailey Hutchison (R) 2. Phil Gramm (R)
Utah 1. Orrin Hatch (R) 3. Bob Bennett (R)
Vermont 1. Jim Jeffords (R) 3. Patrick Leahy (D)
Virginia 1. Chuck Robb (D) 2. John Warner (R)
Washington 1. Slade Gorton (R) 3. Patty Murray (D)
West Virginia 1. Robert Byrd (D) 2. Jay Rockefeller (D)
Wisconsin 1. Herb Kohl (D) 3. Russ Feingold (D)
Wyoming 1. Craig L. Thomas (R) 2. Mike Enzi (R)
House of Representatives
Alabama — Alaska — Arizona — Arkansas — California — Colorado — Connecticut — Delaware — Florida — Georgia — Hawaii — Idaho — Illinois — Indiana — Iowa — Kansas — Kentucky — Louisiana — Maine — Maryland — Massachusetts — Michigan — Minnesota — Mississippi — Missouri — Montana — Nebraska — Nevada — New Hampshire — New Jersey — New Mexico — New York — North Carolina — North Dakota — Ohio — Oklahoma — Oregon — Pennsylvania — Rhode Island — South Carolina — South Dakota — Tennessee — Texas — Utah — Vermont — Virginia — Washington — West Virginia — Wisconsin — Wyoming — Non-voting members
Alabama . Sonny Callahan (R) . Terry Everett (R) . Bob Riley (R) . Robert Aderholt (R) . Bud Cramer (D) . Spencer Bachus (R) . Earl Hilliard Sr. (D)
Alaska . Don Young (R)
Arizona . Matt Salmon (R) . Ed Pastor (D) . Bob Stump (R) . John Shadegg (R) . Jim Kolbe (R) . J. D. Hayworth (R)
Arkansas . Robert Marion Berry (D) . Vic Snyder (D) . Asa Hutchinson (R) . Jay Dickey (R)
California . Mike Thompson (D) . Wally Herger (R) . Doug Ose (R) . John Doolittle (R) . Robert Matsui (D) . Lynn Woolsey (D) . George Miller (D) . Nancy Pelosi (D) . Barbara Lee (D) . Ellen Tauscher (D) . Richard Pombo (R) . Tom Lantos (D) . Pete Stark (D) . Anna Eshoo (D) . Tom Campbell (R) . Zoe Lofgren (D) . Sam Farr (D) . Gary Condit (D) . George Radanovich (R) . Cal Dooley (D) . Bill Thomas (R) . Lois Capps (D) . Elton Gallegly (R) . Brad Sherman (D) . Buck McKeon (R) . Howard Berman (D) . James E. Rogan (R) . David Dreier (R) . Henry Waxman (D) . Xavier Becerra (D) . Matthew G. Martínez (D, switched to R July 27, 2000) . Julian Dixon (D), until December 8, 2000, vacant thereafter . Lucille Roybal-Allard (D) . Grace Napolitano (D) . Maxine Waters (D) . Steven Kuykendall (R) . Juanita Millender-McDonald (D) . Steve Horn (R) . Ed Royce (R) . Jerry Lewis (R) . Gary Miller (R) . George Brown Jr. (D), until July 15, 1999 Joe Baca (D), from November 16, 1999 . Ken Calvert (R) . Mary Bono (R) . Dana Rohrabacher (R) . Loretta Sanchez (D) . Christopher Cox (R) . Ron Packard (R) . Brian Bilbray (R) . Bob Filner (D) . Duke Cunningham (R) . Duncan L. Hunter (R)
Colorado . Diana DeGette (D) . Mark Udall (D) . Scott McInnis (R) . Bob Schaffer (R) . Joel Hefley (R) . Tom Tancredo (R)
Connecticut . John B. Larson (D) . Sam Gejdenson (D) . Rosa DeLauro (D) . Chris Shays (R) . James H. Maloney (D) . Nancy Johnson (R)