Fatih Birol (born 22 March 1958) is a Turkish economist and energy expert, who has served as the executive director of the Paris-based International Energy Agency (IEA) since 1 September 2015. During his time in charge of the IEA he has coordinated three emergency oil stock releases and taken a series of steps to modernise the Paris-based international organisation, including strengthening ties with emerging economies; broadening the Agency's energy security mandate to include electricity, natural gas, renewables and critical mineralsHistory of the IEA, International Energy Agency. Retrieved 12 June 2026.; and stepping up work on the clean energy transition and international efforts to reach net zero emissions.
Birol was named on the Time 100 list of the world's most influential people in 2021 and again in 2026, has been named by Forbes magazine among the most influential people on the world's energy scene and recognised by the Financial Times in 2017 as Energy Personality of the Year. Birol is the chairman of the World Economic Forum (Davos) Energy Advisory Board. He is a frequent contributor to print and electronic media and delivers numerous speeches each year at major international summits and conferences.
Here is part of Time's tribute to Fatih Birol: "During the war in Iran, he has helped coordinate a collective release of strategic oil reserves to alleviate a moment of crisis. He has also expanded the IEA’s reach, deepening engagement with emerging economies. What sets Fatih apart is not only his commitment to facts and data, but his ability to anticipate new challenges while emphasizing the importance of abundant energy for development in the Global South and the need to address energy’s role in climate change. Energy sits at the intersection of prosperity, security, and sustainability. Navigating these competing demands requires trusted voices, leadership, and the ability to forge cooperation amid geopolitical tensions."
Early life and education
A Turkish citizen, Birol was born in Ankara in 1958. He earned a B.Sc. in Power Engineering from the Istanbul Technical University. He received his M.Sc. and Ph.D. in Energy Economics from the Technical University of Vienna. In 2013, Birol was awarded a Doctorate of Science honoris causa by Imperial College London. In 2023, he was elected as a foreign member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.
Career Prior to joining the IEA as a junior analyst in 1995, Birol worked at the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in Vienna. Over the years at the IEA, Birol worked his way up to the job of chief economist, a role in which he was in charge of the IEA's closely watched World Energy Outlook report, before he became executive director in 2015.
IEA leadership
While at the International Energy Agency, Birol has overseen several major changes in the approach of the organization. The organization, whose original mandate centred on oil security, has expanded its scope to also include the security of natural gas, electricity, renewables and critical minerals, and more members. Under his leadership, association agreements increased with major producers and consumers of energy, especially with countries outside the OECD in the Global South, such as India, Brazil, China, Kenya, Indonesia, South Africa and Viet Nam.History of the IEA, International Energy Agency. Retrieved 12 June 2026. This new membership model means that IEA member and Association countries represent over 80% of global energy consumption, up from around 40% when Birol took office. During his tenure, the IEA also opened its first office outside of its Paris headquarters, establishing a Regional Cooperation Centre in Singapore focused on Southeast Asia.The International Energy Agency partners with Singapore for its first office outside of its Paris headquarters, Ministry of Trade and Industry, Singapore, 21 October 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2026.
Birol's approach to running the organization involves both securing energy security and facilitating the energy transition. In 2021, he called on policymakers to do more to accelerate the clean energy transition and reduce emissions, saying that "Clean-energy technologies are slowly but surely going to replace the existing energy industry." This transition significantly changed the direction of the organization, which previously had focused almost entirely on fossil fuel market analysis.
Birol's influence on markets and the world energy community mainly derives from the data-rich reports produced by the IEA which The New York Times described as a "relentless spigot". His speeches and networking with world leaders at international meetings such as the World Economic Forum and United Nations Climate Change Conferences have also been influential.
His tenure has spanned two major energy crises. In 2022, he led the coordination of two emergency releases of oil reserves following Russia's invasion of Ukraine,History of SPR Releases, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Petroleum Reserves. Retrieved 12 June 2026. and in March 2026 announced the biggest emergency release of oil in IEA historyIEA Proposes Largest-Ever Oil Release From Strategic Reserves, The Wall Street Journal, 11 March 2026. Retrieved 12 June 2026.IEA agrees to release record volume of emergency oil reserves in effort to calm prices, PBS NewsHour (Associated Press), 11 March 2026. Retrieved 12 June 2026. amid the disruptions to supplies through the Strait of Hormuz.IEA orders largest ever release of stockpiled oil after Strait of Hormuz disruption, The Guardian, 11 March 2026. Retrieved 12 June 2026.
Birol has also been a prominent advocate for expanding access to electricity and clean cooking solutions in developing countries, particularly in Africa,Africa's clean cooking challenge, Axios, 18 December 2025. Retrieved 12 June 2026. including convening the IEA's 2024 Summit on Clean Cooking in Africa.Summit on Clean Cooking in Africa: Outcome Document and Action Plan, International Energy Agency, 2024. Retrieved 12 June 2026.
His work at the IEA has led to a number of his international honours and recognitions (see table below). He was on the Time 100 list of the world's most influential people in 2021 and in 2026,Fatih Birol, Time, 15 April 2026. Retrieved 12 June 2026. has been named by Forbes magazine among the most influential people on the world's energy scene, and recognised by the Financial Times in 2017 as Energy Personality of the Year.
Beyond IEA Birol is part of the Africa Europe Foundation's (AEF) High-Level Group of Personalities on Africa-Europe Relations (since 2020).High-Level Group of Personalities on Africa-Europe Relations Africa Europe Foundation (AEF). He is also an honorary life member of Galatasaray Football Club.Fatih Birol, Kleinman Center for Energy Policy, University of Pennsylvania. Retrieved 12 June 2026.
Honours and medals
Ribbon bar Award or decoration Country Date Place Note Ref. Medal for Outstanding Service of Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Turkey Turkey 1 October 2005 Ankara Ordre des Palmes Académiques France 1 October 2006 Paris Decoration of Honour for Services to the Republic of Austria Austria 1 March 2007 Vienna First Class Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany Germany 19 November 2009 Berlin Officer of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic Italy 14 June 2012 Paris First Class Order of the Polar Star Sweden 11 December 2013 Stockholm First Class Order of the Rising Sun Japan 30 January 2014 Paris Melchett Medal United Kingdom 2017 Chevalier of the Legion of Honour France 6 December 2023 Paris Chevalier (Knight) is the lowest class of the Légion d'honneur, which is the highest French order of merit. Covers award ceremony. Order of Zayed United Arab Emirates 22 May 2024 Abu Dhabi Order of Diplomatic Service Merit South Korea 2 September 2024 Seoul Grand Gwanghwa Medal Grand Collar of the Order of Prince Henry Portugal 29 September 2025 Lisbon Conferred by President Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa; the Grand Collar is the order's highest class. Grand Officer of the Order of Leopold Belgium 1 October 2025 Brussels Belgium's highest order of merit, conferred by King Philippe of Belgium. Order of Friendship Azerbaijan 13 March 2025 Baku
References
External links Media related to Fatih Birol at Wikimedia Commons Fatih Birol at the International Energy Agency International Energy Agency