In Greek mythology, Dorus (The name is probably derived from dōron "gift".) was the eponymous founder of the Dorians.He was the son of Hellen by a nymph Orseis, according to Apollodorus, 1.7.3; "And from Hellen the war-loving king sprang Dorus and Xuthus and Aeolus delighting in horses" (Hesiodic Ehoiai fr. 9. Another placement of Dorus among the Hellenes descended from Hellen was as the son of Xuthus and Creusa.
Family Each of Hellen's sons founded a primary tribe of Greece: Aeolus the Aeolians, Dorus the DoriansPseudo-Scymnos, Periodos 587 ff. and Xuthus the Achaeans (from Xuthus's son Achaeus) and Ionians (from Xuthus's adopted son Ion, in truth a son of the god Apollo), aside from his sister Pandora's sons with Zeus. In the account of Hellanicus, Xenopatra was additionally counted as one of the children of Hellen and the oread Orseis (Othreis) and thus, technically the sister of Dorus.Hellanicus in scholia on Plato, Symposium 208 (p. 376) Another possible sibling of Dorus was Neonus who was called the son of Hellen and father of Dotus.Stephanus of Byzantium, s.v. Dotion (pp. 118, 119) [= FGrHist 604 F3]; BNJ, commentary on 604 F3. In one version of the myth, Dorus was said to be born from Hellen and the nymph PhthiaVitruvius, De Architectura 4.1.3 (pp. 202–5) (maybe another for Orseis).
According to other writers, Dorus was the son of Protogenia and Zeus, thus probably the brother of Aethlius,Clement of Alexandria, Recognitions 21 Aetolus and Opus. Meanwhile, in the play Ion, he was counted as one of the legitimate sons (the other being Achaeus) of Xuthus and the Athenian princess Creusa, daughter of King Erechtheus.Euripides, Ion 1589–1592 Lastly, in a rare account, Poseidon was said to have fathered Dorus.Servius ad Virgil, Aeneid 2.27
Dorus was the father of Tectamus, Aegimius and Iphthime. The latter became the mother of the Satyrs Lycus, Pherespondus and Pronomus by Hermes.Nonnus, 14.114
Mythology In the Bibliotheke, "Dorus received the country over against Peloponnese and called the settlers Dorians after himself."Apollodorus, 1.7.3 He was said to have founded the small Dorian cities of Erineon, Boion, Kytinion and Pindos. According to Karl Kerenyi, the Dorians recalled that three times Heracles had aided their "oldest king", Aigimios, "under whom they had not yet emigrated to the Peleponnesos."Kerenyi. The Heroes of the Greeks, p. 184 Kerenyi's source is the Bibliotheca (II.7.7), who though he is late, was working with ancient materials lost to us.
Centuries later, the figure of Dorus was invoked by Diodorus Siculus in the common way to explain the presence in Crete during the historical period of Dorian cities of mixed population:The third peopleAfter Eteocretans and Pelasgians. to cross over to the island, we are told, were Dorians, under the leadership of Tectamus the son of Dorus; and the account states that the larger number of these Dorians was gathered from the regions about Olympus, but that a part of them consisted of Achaeans from Laconia, since Dorus had fixed the base of his expedition in the region about Cape Malea. And a fourth people to come to Crete and to become intermixed with the Cretans, we are told, was a heterogeneous collection of barbarians who in the course of time adopted the language of the native Greeks.Diodorus Siculus, 5.80.2
An important descendance of aristocratic clans, some of which survived into Classical times, was from Heracles. Diodorus invokes a son of Dorus in accounting for the mythic theme of the "return" of the Heracleidae: The rest of the Heracleidae, they say, came to Aegimius, the son of Dorus, and demanding back the land which their father had entrusted to him, made their home among the Dorians.Diodorus Siculus, 4.58.6
Interpretation The eponymous figure of "Dorus" is a back-formation: all tribal groups have myths of an "original', whose name is the eponym of the tribe, even tribal eponyms in Genesis. The oldest are essentially eponyms of extended families, who were worshipped in archaic cults into Roman times.Walter Burkert, Greek Religion devotes a chapter VI.1.2 to "Clan and family mysteries". A man's name, Dōrieus, occurs in the Linear B tablets at Pylos,Pylos tablet Fn867 records it in the dative case as do-ri-je-we, *Dōriēwei, a third or consonant declension noun with stem ending in w. An unattested plural, *Dōriēwes, would have become Dōrieis by loss of the w and contraction, but in the tablet, which is concerned with contribution of grain to a temple, it is simply a man's name. one of the regions invaded and subjected by the Dorians. Whether it had the ethnic meaning of "the Dorian" is unknown. Modern derivations of "Dorians" do not depend on a figure of Dorus: see Name of the Dorians.
Genealogy of Hellenes
Notes
References
Apollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website. Clement of Alexandria, Recognitions from Ante-Nicene Library Volume 8, translated by Smith, Rev. Thomas. T. & T. Clark, Edinburgh. 1867. Online version at theio.com Grimal, Pierre, The Dictionary of Classical Mythology, Wiley-Blackwell, 1996. . Internet Archive. Hard, Robin, The Routledge Handbook of Greek Mythology: Based on H.J. Rose's "Handbook of Greek Mythology", Psychology Press, 2004. . Google Books. Hesiod, Catalogue of Women from Homeric Hymns, Epic Cycle, Homerica translated by Evelyn-White, H G. Loeb Classical Library Volume 57. London: William Heinemann, 1914. Online version at theio.com Nonnus of Panopolis, Dionysiaca translated by William Henry Denham Rouse (1863-1950), from the Loeb Classical Library, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1940. Online version at the Topos Text Project. Nonnus of Panopolis, Dionysiaca. 3 Vols. W.H.D. Rouse. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann, Ltd. 1940-1942. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.