Guadalajara is one of the 52 constituencies represented in the Congress of Deputies, the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, the . The constituency (whose boundaries correspond to those of the homonymous province) currently elects three deputies. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional voting, with a minimum threshold of three percent.

Electoral system The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Law and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Law provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Congress of Deputies,. with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978.. Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales..

Voting is based on universal suffrage, comprising all Spanish nationals over 18 years of age with full political rights, provided that they have not been deprived of the right to vote by a final sentence.. The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights.; . Amendments in 2011 required non-resident citizens to apply for voting, a system known as "begged" voting ().. which was abolished in 2022. Further, amendments in 2018 granted the right to vote to those legally incapacitated. The Congress of Deputies has a minimum of 300 and a maximum of 400 seats, with electoral provisions fixing its size at 350. Of these, 348 are elected in 50 multi-member constituencies corresponding to the provinces of Spain—each of which is assigned an initial minimum of two seats and the remaining 248 distributed in proportion to population—using the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional voting, with a three percent-threshold of valid votes (including blank ballots) in each constituency. The remaining two seats are allocated to Ceuta and Melilla as single-member districts elected by plurality voting.; ; ; . The use of this electoral method may result in a higher effective threshold depending on district magnitude and vote distribution. The law does not provide for by-elections to fill vacant seats; instead, any vacancies arising after the proclamation of candidates and during the legislative term are filled by the next candidates on the party lists or, when required, by designated substitutes.; .

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance are required to inform the relevant electoral commission within 10 days of the election call—15 before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one permille of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list. Also since 2011, parties, federations or alliances that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.; . Amendments in 2007 required a balanced composition of men and women in the electoral lists, so that candidates of either sex made up at least 40 percent of the total composition; further amendments in 2024 required the use of a zipper system..

Deputies Deputies 1977–present Legislature Election Distribution Constituent 1977 1 2 1st 1979 1 2 2nd 1982 2 1 3rd 1986 1 2 4th 1989 1 2 5th 1993 1 2 6th 1996 1 2 7th 2000 1 2 8th 2004 1 2 9th 2008 1 2 10th 2011 1 2 11th 2015 1 1 1 12th 2016 1 2 13th 2019 (Apr) 1 1 1 14th 2019 (Nov) 1 1 1 15th 2023 1 1 1

General elections 2023 + Summary of the 23 July 2023 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 51,195 36.33 +13.29 1 ±0 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 46,479 32.98 +1.83 1 ±0 Vox (Vox) 27,126 19.25 –4.72 1 ±0 Unite (Sumar)1 12,907 9.16 –2.11 0 ±0 Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)2 1,039 0.74 –0.22 0 ±0 Workers' Front (FO) 304 0.22 New 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 249 0.18 –0.03 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) 191 0.14 +0.06 0 ±0 Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero) 162 0.11 –0.11 0 ±0 Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE de las JONS) 118 0.08 –0.06 0 ±0 Blank ballots 1,143 0.81 –0.06 Total 140,913 3 ±0 Valid votes 140,913 98.72 –0.05 Invalid votes 1,831 1.28 +0.05 Votes cast / turnout 142,744 72.47 +1.06 Abstentions 54,239 27.53 –1.06 Registered voters 196,983 Sources

November 2019 + Summary of the 10 November 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 41,167 31.15 +1.35 1 ±0 Vox (Vox) 31,683 23.97 +7.50 1 +1 People's Party (PP) 30,443 23.04 +2.99 1 ±0 United We Can (Podemos–IU) 14,897 11.27 –1.01 0 ±0 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 10,169 7.69 –11.10 0 –1 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 1,266 0.96 –0.31 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group–PCAS–TC (Recortes Cero–GV–PCAS–TC) 287 0.22 –0.01 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 284 0.21 +0.03 0 ±0 European Retirees Social Democratic Party (PDSJE) 234 0.18 New 0 ±0 Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE) 195 0.15 –0.08 0 ±0 Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE de las JONS) 188 0.14 New 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) 106 0.08 New 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 87 0.07 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 1,148 0.87 +0.17 Total 132,154 3 ±0 Valid votes 132,154 98.77 +0.09 Invalid votes 1,642 1.23 –0.09 Votes cast / turnout 133,796 71.41 –6.13 Abstentions 53,575 28.59 +6.13 Registered voters 187,371 Sources

April 2019 + Summary of the 28 April 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 42,521 29.80 +6.78 1 ±0 People's Party (PP) 28,618 20.05 –19.52 1 –1 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 26,817 18.79 +2.38 1 +1 Vox (Vox) 23,501 16.47 +16.06 0 ±0 United We Can (Podemos–IU–Equo) 17,524 12.28 –5.88 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 1,816 1.27 +0.24 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group–PCAS–TC (Recortes Cero–GV–PCAS–TC) 335 0.23 +0.04 0 ±0 Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE) 325 0.23 +0.13 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 254 0.18 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 996 0.70 +0.08 Total 142,707 3 ±0 Valid votes 142,707 98.68 –0.29 Invalid votes 1,904 1.32 +0.29 Votes cast / turnout 144,611 77.54 +4.68 Abstentions 41,896 22.46 –4.68 Registered voters 186,507 Sources

2016 + Summary of the 26 June 2016 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 52,047 39.57 +4.81 2 +1 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 30,282 23.02 +0.50 1 ±0 United We Can (Podemos–IU–Equo)1 23,884 18.16 –3.46 0 ±0 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 21,586 16.41 –1.64 0 –1 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 1,349 1.03 +0.18 0 ±0 Vox (Vox) 541 0.41 –0.06 0 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 413 0.31 –0.44 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 245 0.19 –0.02 0 ±0 Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE de las JONS) 206 0.16 New 0 ±0 Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE) 126 0.10 New 0 ±0 Internationalist Solidarity and Self-Management (SAIn) 37 0.03 –0.03 0 ±0 Blank ballots 822 0.62 –0.10 Total 131,538 3 ±0 Valid votes 131,538 98.97 +0.10 Invalid votes 1,365 1.03 –0.10 Votes cast / turnout 132,903 72.86 –2.74 Abstentions 49,505 27.14 +2.74 Registered voters 182,408 Sources

2015 + Summary of the 20 December 2015 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 47,365 34.76 –19.24 1 –1 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 30,685 22.52 –5.17 1 ±0 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 24,603 18.05 New 1 +1 We Can (Podemos) 23,827 17.49 New 0 ±0 United Left–Popular Unity in Common (IU–UPeC) 5,628 4.13 –2.71 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 1,152 0.85 +0.38 0 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 1,026 0.75 –6.78 0 ±0 Vox (Vox) 645 0.47 New 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 283 0.21 New 0 ±0 Internationalist Solidarity and Self-Management (SAIn) 75 0.06 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 979 0.72 –0.62 Total 136,268 3 ±0 Valid votes 136,268 98.87 +0.51 Invalid votes 1,562 1.13 –0.51 Votes cast / turnout 137,830 75.60 +0.78 Abstentions 44,491 24.40 –0.78 Registered voters 182,321 Sources

2011 + Summary of the 20 November 2011 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 71,362 54.00 +3.35 2 ±0 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 36,589 27.69 –13.28 1 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 9,947 7.53 +5.42 0 ±0 United Left of Castilla–La Mancha–The Greens: Plural Left (IUCLM–LV) 9,036 6.84 +3.55 0 ±0 Equo (Equo) 1,273 0.96 New 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 620 0.47 +0.24 0 ±0 Blank Seats (EB) 498 0.38 New 0 ±0 National Democracy (DN) 471 0.36 +0.25 0 ±0 Castilian Party (PCAS)1 197 0.15 +0.06 0 ±0 Anti-capitalists (Anticapitalistas) 194 0.15 New 0 ±0 Citizens of Democratic Centre (CCD) 99 0.07 New 0 ±0 Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 92 0.07 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 1,776 1.34 +0.30 Total 132,154 3 ±0 Valid votes 132,154 98.36 –0.90 Invalid votes 2,197 1.64 +0.90 Votes cast / turnout 134,351 74.82 –5.06 Abstentions 45,219 25.18 +5.06 Registered voters 179,570 Sources

2008 + Summary of the 9 March 2008 Congress of Deputies election results in Guadalajara Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 67,668 50.65 +3.07 2 ±0 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 54,738 40.97 –3.14 1 ±0 United Left–Alternative (IU) 4,390 3.29 –1.14 0 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 2,820 2.11 New 0 ±0 The Greens of Europe (LVdE) 563 0.42 New 0 ±0 Anti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 308 0.23 New 0 ±0 Humanist Party (PH) 243 0.18 +0.09 0 ±0 Social Democratic Party (PSD) 172 0.13 New 0 ±0 Citizens for Blank Votes (CenB) 163 0.12 –0.30 0 ±0 Regionalist Party of Guadalajara (PRGU) 152 0.11 –0.17 0 ±0 National Democracy (DN) 146 0.11 +0.01 0 ±0 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 126 0.09 New 0 ±0 Commoners' Land (TC) 123 0.09 –0.04 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 106 0.08 +0.02 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 104 0.08 New 0 ±0 Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE de las JONS) 91 0.07 –0.01 0 ±0 Spanish Alternative (AES) 60 0.04 New 0 ±0 Spanish Democratic Centre (CDEs) 57 0.04 New 0 ±0 Authentic Phalanx (FA) 56 0.04 ±0.00 0 ±0 Spanish Front (Frente) 39 0.03 New 0 ±0 Spain 2000 (E–2000) 36 0.03 New 0 ±0 Family and Life Party (PFyV) 32 0.02 –0.12 0 ±0 Carlist Traditionalist Communion (CTC) 9 0.01 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 1,396 1.04 –1.08 Total 133,598 3 ±0 Valid votes 133,598 99.26 +0.20 Invalid votes 990 0.74 –0.20 Votes cast / turnout 134,588 79.88 –0.27 Abstentions 33,898 20.12 +0.27 Registered voters 168,486 Sources

2004