Trofimov (feminine form: Trofimova) is a Russian family name derived from the first name Trofim and literally meaning "Trofim's". The Ukrainian-language form is transliterated in the same as Russian; the Belarusian-language form is Trafimau/Trafimaw.
The surname may refer to the following notable people.
A Aleksandr Trofimov (actor) (born 1952), Soviet and Russian actor Aleksandr Trofimov (footballer) (1937–2002), Soviet and Azerbaijani footballer Anatoly Trofimov (1940−2005), deputy director of the Russian Federal Security Service Andrei Trofimov (born 1985), Russian footballer
B (born 1938), Soviet chemist
D Daria Trofimova (born 2005), Russian swimmer
K (1921−1987), Soviet general
M Mikhail Trofimov (born 1974), Russian professional football player
N Nina Gopova-Trofimova (born 1953), Soviet sprint canoer Nikolay Trofimov (1920–2005), Soviet actor
R Roman Sergeevich Trofimov (born 1989), Russian ski jumper
S Sergei Trofimov (born 1966), Russian singer-songwriter
U Ulyana Trofimova (born 1990), Uzbekistani rhythmic gymnast
V Vasili Trofimov (1919–1999), Soviet football (soccer) and hockey player, multiple USSR champion Vikentii Trofimov (1878–1956), Russian painter Viktor Trofimov (1938–2013), former Soviet international speedway rider
Y Yaroslav Trofimov (born 1969), Ukrainian-born Italian author and journalist Yuri Trofimov (born 1984), Russian road bicycle racer
Z (1897–1961), Soviet general