Iowa Territory was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from July 3, 1838, until December 28, 1846, when the southeastern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the state of Iowa. The remainder of the territory would have no organized territorial government until the Minnesota Territory was organized on March 3, 1849.
History Multiple Native American groups occupied Iowa Territory before the Louisiana purchase in 1803, including the Sac, Fox, Winnebagoes, Pottawattamies, Otoes, Omahas, Sioux, Ioways and Dakotas.
Most of the area in the territory was originally part of the Louisiana Purchase and was a part of the Missouri Territory. When Missouri became a state in 1821, this area (along with the Dakotas) effectively became unorganized territory. The area was closed to white settlers until the 1830s, after the Black Hawk War ended. It was attached to the Michigan Territory on June 28, 1834. At an extra session of the Sixth Legislative Assembly of Michigan held in September, 1834, the Iowa District was divided into two counties by running a line due west from the lower end of Rock Island in the Mississippi River. The territory north of this line (which started just south of the present-day Davenport) was named Dubuque County, and all south of it was Des Moines County. When Michigan became a state in 1836 the area became the Iowa District of western Wisconsin Territory—the region west of the Mississippi River.
The original boundaries of the territory, as established in 1838, included Minnesota and parts of the Dakotas, covering about of land.
Burlington was the provisional capital; Iowa City was designated as the official territorial capital in 1841. Fort Snelling was located on the western side of the Mississippi placing it within the Territory until statehood.
When Iowa became a state on December 28, 1846, no provision was made for official organization of the remainder of the territory. Morgan L. Martin, the Wisconsin territorial delegate to congress, pushed through a bill to organize a territory of Minnesota which would encompass this land. While the bill passed in the House, it did not pass the Senate. In the following session a bill by Stephen A. Douglas was introduced in the Senate but also did not pass. The situation was resolved when Minnesota Territory was organized on March 3, 1849, the day before the close of congress.
In the 1840 United States census, 18 counties in the Iowa Territory reported the following population counts: Rank County Population1Van Buren6,1462Lee6,0933Des Moines5,5774Henry3,7725Dubuque3,0596Jefferson2,7737Muscatine1,9428Louisa1,9279Washington1,59410Johnson1,49111Jackson1,41112Linn1,37313Cedar1,25314Scott1,24015Clayton1,10116Clinton82117Jones47118Delaware168Unincorporated900Iowa Territory43,112
Governance Spanish and French monarchs had claims of jurisdiction over the region, but neither country set up permanent governance in the Iowa area. In 1804, Iowa was part of Indiana Territory, then in 1805 was part of Louisiana Territory, with St. Louis as the capitol. In 1812, Iowa became part of Missouri Territory, and in 1821 was left without a governance after Missouri became a state. In 1834, Iowa became part of Michigan Territory, with the capitol being Detroit. In 1836, Iowa became part of Wisconsin Territory, and later became Iowa Territory in 1838, eventually becoming a state in 1846.
The executive powers of the Territory were vested in a Governor, a Secretary (who in case of the death, removal, resignation, or absence from the Territory of the Governor had gubernatorial powers and would perform gubernatorial duties), a Treasurer and an Auditor.
Territorial officers and congressional delegates +Territorial officers of Iowa Territory from 1838 to 1846.YearGovernorsSecretariesTerritorial AuditorsTerritorial TreasurersTerritorial AgentsDistrict Attorneys1838Robert LucasWilliam B. ConwaynonenonenoneIsaac Van Allen1839James ClarkeThornton BaylessChauncey Swan1840Jesse WilliamsMorgan RenoCharles Weston1841John ChambersO. H. W. StullJesse Williams1842John N. Colman1843Samuel J. BurrWilliam L. GilbertHohn G. Deshler1844Anson Hart1845James ClarkeJesse WilliamsRobert M. SecrestEdward Johnston1846
Legislature Legislative powers were vested in a Territory of Iowa Legislative Assembly, which like that of Wisconsin Territory was divided into an upper house called the "Council" (although some legislative histories refer to the Council as the Senate) of 13 members, and a House of Representatives of 26.Shambaugh, Benjamin F. The constitutions of Iowa: Published by the State historical society in commemoration of the one hundredth anniversary of the establishment of civil government in Iowa. Iowa City: State Historical Society of Iowa, 1934; p. 79
See also
Historic regions of the United States History of Iowa Territorial evolution of the United States
References
Sources