Lleida () is one of the 52 constituencies represented in the Congress of Deputies, the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, the . The constituency (whose boundaries correspond to those of the homonymous province) currently elects four deputies. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional voting, with a minimum threshold of three percent.

Electoral system The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Law and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Law provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Congress of Deputies,. with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978.. Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales..

Voting is based on universal suffrage, comprising all Spanish nationals over 18 years of age with full political rights, provided that they have not been deprived of the right to vote by a final sentence.. The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights.; . Amendments in 2011 required non-resident citizens to apply for voting, a system known as "begged" voting ().. which was abolished in 2022. Further, amendments in 2018 granted the right to vote to those legally incapacitated. The Congress of Deputies has a minimum of 300 and a maximum of 400 seats, with electoral provisions fixing its size at 350. Of these, 348 are elected in 50 multi-member constituencies corresponding to the provinces of Spain—each of which is assigned an initial minimum of two seats and the remaining 248 distributed in proportion to population—using the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional voting, with a three percent-threshold of valid votes (including blank ballots) in each constituency. The remaining two seats are allocated to Ceuta and Melilla as single-member districts elected by plurality voting.; ; ; . The use of this electoral method may result in a higher effective threshold depending on district magnitude and vote distribution. The law does not provide for by-elections to fill vacant seats; instead, any vacancies arising after the proclamation of candidates and during the legislative term are filled by the next candidates on the party lists or, when required, by designated substitutes.; .

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance are required to inform the relevant electoral commission within 10 days of the election call—15 before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one permille of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list. Also since 2011, parties, federations or alliances that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.; . Amendments in 2007 required a balanced composition of men and women in the electoral lists, so that candidates of either sex made up at least 40 percent of the total composition; further amendments in 2024 required the use of a zipper system..

Deputies Deputies 1977–present Legislature Election Distribution Constituent 1977 1 2 1 1st 1979 1 1 2 2nd 1982 2 1 1 3rd 1986 1 2 1 4th 1989 2 2 5th 1993 1 2 1 6th 1996 1 2 1 7th 2000 1 2 1 8th 2004 1 2 1 9th 2008 2 1 1 10th 2011 1 2 1 11th 2015 1 1 1 1 12th 2016 1 1 1 1 13th 2019 (Apr) 2 1 1 14th 2019 (Nov) 2 1 1 15th 2023 1 2 1

General elections 2023 + Summary of the 23 July 2023 Congress of Deputies election results in Lleida Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) 54,414 29.49 +15.03 2 +1 Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) 34,331 18.60 –12.86 1 –1 Together for Catalonia (Junts)1 33,228 18.01 n/a 1 +1 People's Party (PP) 23,699 12.84 +5.75 0 ±0 Unite–In Common We Can (Sumar–ECP)2 14,561 7.89 +0.01 0 ±0 Vox (Vox) 12,560 6.81 +2.32 0 ±0 Popular Unity Candidacy–For Rupture (CUP–PR) 5,449 2.95 –3.85 0 ±0 Catalan European Democratic Party–CiU Space (PDeCAT–E–CiU)1 1,865 1.01 n/a 0 –1 Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)3 1,352 0.73 ±0.00 0 ±0 Blank Seats to Leave Empty Seats (EB) 462 0.25 New 0 ±0 Workers' Front (FO) 247 0.13 New 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Workers of Catalonia (PCTC) 192 0.10 +0.04 0 ±0 Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero) 120 0.07 –0.02 0 ±0 Blank ballots 2,059 1.12 +0.38 Total 184,539 4 ±0 Valid votes 184,539 98.72 –0.62 Invalid votes 2,390 1.28 +0.62 Votes cast / turnout 186,929 58.93 –7.45 Abstentions 130,296 41.07 +7.45 Registered voters 317,225 Sources

November 2019 + Summary of the 10 November 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Lleida Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists (ERC–Sobiranistes) 65,236 31.46 –2.11 2 ±0 Together for Catalonia–Together (JxCat–Junts) 46,773 22.56 +1.83 1 ±0 Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) 29,983 14.46 –2.22 1 ±0 In Common We Can–Let's Win the Change (ECP–Guanyem el Canvi) 16,337 7.88 –0.42 0 ±0 People's Party (PP) 14,697 7.09 +2.15 0 ±0 Popular Unity Candidacy–For Rupture (CUP–PR) 14,098 6.80 New 0 ±0 Vox (Vox) 9,312 4.49 +1.83 0 ±0 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 7,128 3.44 –5.05 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 1,521 0.73 –0.20 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 183 0.09 ±0.00 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 169 0.08 +0.02 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Catalan People (PCPC) 129 0.06 –0.03 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Workers of Catalonia (PCTC) 126 0.06 New 0 ±0 Left in Positive (IZQP) 124 0.06 ±0.00 0 ±0 Blank ballots 1,540 0.74 +0.08 Total 207,356 4 ±0 Valid votes 207,356 99.34 –0.05 Invalid votes 1,375 0.66 +0.05 Votes cast / turnout 208,731 66.38 –5.80 Abstentions 105,694 33.62 +5.80 Registered voters 314,425 Sources

April 2019 + Summary of the 28 April 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Lleida Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists (ERC–Sobiranistes) 75,760 33.57 +8.44 2 +1 Together for Catalonia–Together (JxCat–Junts)1 46,781 20.73 –1.89 1 ±0 Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) 37,637 16.68 +4.24 1 +1 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 19,150 8.49 +1.54 0 ±0 In Common We Can–Let's Win the Change (ECP–Guanyem el Canvi) 18,723 8.30 –8.36 0 –1 People's Party (PP) 11,153 4.94 –8.59 0 –1 Free People–We Are Alternative–Pirates: Republican Front (Front Republicà) 6,194 2.74 New 0 ±0 Vox (Vox) 6,005 2.66 +2.55 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 2,089 0.93 –0.14 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Catalan People (PCPC) 205 0.09 –0.06 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 204 0.09 –0.07 0 ±0 Left in Positive (IZQP) 138 0.06 New 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 137 0.06 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 1,479 0.66 –0.53 Total 225,655 4 ±0 Valid votes 225,655 99.39 +0.35 Invalid votes 1,391 0.61 –0.35 Votes cast / turnout 227,046 72.18 +13.78 Abstentions 87,512 27.82 –13.78 Registered voters 314,558 Sources

2016 + Summary of the 26 June 2016 Congress of Deputies election results in Lleida Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Republican Left–Catalonia Yes (ERC–CatSí) 45,525 25.13 +2.82 1 ±0 Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC)1 40,985 22.62 –1.69 1 ±0 In Common We Can–Let's Win the Change (ECP) 30,182 16.66 +1.29 1 ±0 People's Party (PP) 24,503 13.53 +2.28 1 +1 Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) 22,533 12.44 +0.02 0 –1 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 12,592 6.95 –2.06 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 1,930 1.07 +0.19 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 288 0.16 –0.04 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Catalan People (PCPC) 267 0.15 –0.01 0 ±0 Vox (Vox) 198 0.11 –0.12 0 ±0 Blank ballots 2,156 1.19 +0.12 Total 181,159 4 ±0 Valid votes 181,159 99.04 –0.05 Invalid votes 1,750 0.96 +0.05 Votes cast / turnout 182,909 58.40 –5.49 Abstentions 130,298 41.60 +5.49 Registered voters 313,207 Sources

2015 + Summary of the 20 December 2015 Congress of Deputies election results in Lleida Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Democracy and Freedom (DiL)1 48,289 24.31 –17.01 1 –1 Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes (ERC–CatSí) 44,317 22.31 +13.72 1 +1 In Common We Can (En Comú)2 30,538 15.37 +11.48 1 +1 Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) 24,668 12.42 –7.93 1 ±0 People's Party (PP) 22,360 11.25 –8.19 0 –1 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 17,897 9.01 New 0 ±0 Democratic Union of Catalonia (unio.cat) 4,867 2.45 New 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 1,743 0.88 +0.38 0 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 687 0.35 –0.21 0 ±0 Vox (Vox) 465 0.23 New 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 398 0.20 New 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Catalan People (PCPC) 316 0.16 –0.02 0 ±0 Blank ballots 2,124 1.07 –1.25 Total 198,669 4 ±0 Valid votes 198,669 99.09 +0.95 Invalid votes 1,827 0.91 –0.95 Votes cast / turnout 200,496 63.89 +1.35 Abstentions 113,340 36.11 –1.35 Registered voters 313,836 Sources

2011 + Summary of the 20 November 2011 Congress of Deputies election results in Lleida Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Convergence and Union (CiU) 79,511 41.32 +12.75 2 +1 Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) 39,157 20.35 –16.88 1 –1 People's Party (PP) 37,401 19.44 +4.39 1 ±0 Republican Left of Catalonia–Rally–Catalonia Yes (ERC–RI.cat) 16,529 8.59 –4.29 0 ±0 Initiative for Catalonia Greens–United and Alternative Left: Plural L. (ICV–EUiA) 7,487 3.89 +1.32 0 ±0 Blank Seats (EB) 2,573 1.34 +1.22 0 ±0 Platform for Catalonia (PxC) 1,074 0.56 New 0 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 1,069 0.56 +0.47 0 ±0 Pirates of Catalonia (Pirata.cat) 915 0.48 New 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 892 0.46 +0.20 0 ±0 Anti-capitalists (Anticapitalistas) 551 0.29 New 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 366 0.19 +0.12 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Catalan People (PCPC) 355 0.18 +0.10 0 ±0 Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 91 0.05 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 4,468 2.32 +0.56 Total 192,439 4 ±0 Valid votes 192,439 98.14 –1.15 Invalid votes 3,644 1.86 +1.15 Votes cast / turnout 196,083 62.54 –6.44 Abstentions 117,433 37.46 +6.44 Registered voters 313,516 Sources

2008