Andaqui (or Andaki) is an extinct language from the southern highlands of Colombia. It was spoken by the Andaqui people of Colombia. Whether or not the language is extinct is uncertain. Its only documentation comes from two lengthy wordlists.
Documentation There are two main sources of information about Andaqui. The first is a list sent to Madrid by Mutis, about twenty pages long, that contains words and expressions in the language that was published in the catalogue of the Royal Library in 1928. A second list was collected by Manuel María Albis in 1854.
Classification Jolkesky (2016) notes that there are lexical similarities with Paez, Chibcha (also proposed by Rivet 1924Rivet, Paul. 1924. La langue Andakí. Journal de la Société des Américanistes, 16:99-110.), and Tinigua-Pamigua due to contact.
Paez and Andaqui have a significant amount of common culture-specific vocabulary, which suggests some amount of borrowing. Several similar words between the two languages are also part of the core lexis. However, the general aspects of words in Andaqui differ greatly from those of Paez. Andaqui words tend be long and have open syllables.
Lexical comparison Paez and Andaqui have a significant amount of lexical parallels. Marcelo Jolkesky found that the similar vocabularies of Andaqui and Paez indicated that the two groups had maintained close contact with each other during the pre-Columbian era. English Andaqui Paez cotton kʷakʷa- wawa tapir kũtihui kʰũʦʲ sand mĩsara muse potato kaka kaʔka "papa" pumpkin/vessel kʷatiː tʰeː hair kiaha "cabelo" dʲkʰas ‘pelo’ chicha baku-hi, baku-sa beka Crax (bird) ɸitiː fitihi "paujil" fiⁿdʒ "pava" two nãsiːsi eʔns child ʧikʷa- n-ʧiʔk fire iɸi "llama" ipʲ man miʦiː; biʦi-ka ‘sou homem’ pihʦ brother piː peβʲ "hermano menor" language gua sunai tʰune mazamorra kaihi kʰaʃ corn kiɸi ʃipʲ "cooked cob" eye siɸi jaɸʲ to hear/ear sũkʷa-i, sũkʷa-hu; sũkʷa "oír" tʰũʔwã ‘oreja’ stone kʷatii kʷet tail maʦĩkwa, maisikwa menz face ʧipina dʲiʔp sow hu- uhua- breast ʦuʦuka ʦʲuʔʦʲ
He also outlined some parallels between Andaqui and Tinigua: English Andaqui Tinigua pumpkin batii, kʷa-tizi tisi-kʰi, tisi-ʧi firewood/tree hizi "firewood" kixi "tree" to eat ʧija ʤiʔo wife nusũkʷa nɨʧo man miʦii; biʦika piksiɡa jaguar mihinai hiɲa deer sũtai, sondai xunze I rĩka hikʷa you ka-, ði- kaʔzɨ- he/she riːsi hiʔki we rĩɡʷakʷa hikʷaʔa you (plural) rikakʷa kaʔkʷaʔa
Phonology The available sources of information for Andaqui use 30 distinct graphemes between consonant and vowel symbols. Mutis's vocabulary list contains several unusual combinations of letters whose phonetic value can only be conjectured. The one that appears with most frequency is as in (a type of liana) and ("agave fiber"). The sequences also were used, but by the 19th century they were generally replaced by . Thus, it could be interpreted that in the 150 years between the sources, phonemes like , and disappeared from Andaqui speech.
According to an analysis by Gabriela Coronas Urzía, the existing graphemes are interpreted as 12 consonant phonemes, 3 oral vowels (), and 3 nasal vowels ().
Three diacritics were also used: the grave (à), the acute (á), and the circumflex (â). The grave and acute accents probably represented a fixed stress on the final syllable, which was not phonemic due to its predictable nature. The circumflex likely represented nasalization.
Grammar Andaqui was likely an agglutinative language given the large amount of long words. It used both prefixes and suffixes.
The subject was marked on the verb using prefixes. For example, the prefix marked the second person.
Nominalization, grammatical mood, and some parts of person reference were marked using suffixes. For instance, the suffix for the imperative in the second person was :
Case was also indicated by suffixes: "house" / "(go to a) house"
See also Macro-Paesan languages
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