Events from the 1090s in England.
Incumbents Monarch – William II
Events 1090 After buying the allegiance of several local barons, King William II takes control of eastern Normandy. 1091 2 February – William II invades western Normandy with a large army. His brothers, Henry and Robert Curthose, mobilise mercenary forces to resist him during a siege at Mont-Saint-Michel. Under terms of the Treaty of Caen, estates on the Cotentin Peninsula of Normandy are surrendered to William, matters being concluded in August. July – Malcolm III of Scotland invades England reaching as far south as Durham. The Normans led by William and Robert march north to oppose the Scots, but a conflict is averted. Malcolm is obliged to accept the terms of the Treaty of Abernethy (1072) and pays homage to William. 17 October – London tornado of 1091: A T8/F4 tornado is recorded in London, which destroys London Bridge and badly damages St Mary-le-Bow church. 1092 May – William II annexes Cumbria from the Scottish Celtic kingdom of Strathclyde and builds Carlisle Castle. 9 May – Lincoln Cathedral is consecrated. 18 October – Walcher of Malvern correctly predicts the time of a lunar eclipse. 1093 6 March – Frankish monk, philosopher and theologian Anselm is nominated as Archbishop of Canterbury; he is consecrated on 4 December. 8 April – the new Winchester Cathedral, constructed by Bishop Walkelin, becomes operational. 11 August – construction of Durham Cathedral begins. 13 November – King Malcolm III of Scotland is killed at the Battle of Alnwick during an attempted invasion of England. Durham Priory re-establishes a monastic house on the Holy Island of Lindisfarne.. Normans continue their occupation of southern Wales, constructing Pembroke Castle. 1094 February – William II and Anselm quarrel about investiture and the overlordship of Church lands. 19 March – William II unsuccessfully invades Normandy. Welsh expel the Marcher Lords and destroy all Norman strongholds in Wales, except Pembroke Castle. 1095 January – Robert de Mowbray, Earl of Northumberland, rebels. William II besieges his stronghold of Bamburgh Castle which is surrendered by Robert's wife after he has been captured. 25 February – a council at Rockingham is held to resolve the dispute between Anselm and William II, but fails to do so. May – Papal legate forces a reconciliation between William II and Anselm. 1096 Teaching at what will become the University of Oxford is recorded. King William II takes control of the Duchy of Normandy while his brother Robert II, Duke of Normandy is on the First Crusade. Construction of Norwich Cathedral begun. Herbert de Losinga, first Bishop of Norwich, establishes a Benedictine priory at Norwich and, shortly afterwards, an episcopal grammar school, Norwich School. 1097 October – Edgar Ætheling overthrows Donald III of Scotland and places his nephew Edgar on the Scottish throne. 8 November – Anselm leaves England following disagreements with William II. Construction of Westminster Hall. 1098 June or July – in the Battle of Anglesey Sound, a fleet led by Magnus Barefoot, King of Norway, reverses an Anglo-Norman invasion of north Wales. 1099 11 November – flooding around North Sea and Mount's Bay, Cornwall.
Births 1095 Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk (died 1177) 1096 King Stephen of England (died 1154)
Deaths 1091 Approximate date – Robert D'Oyly, Norman nobleman and landowner 1092 7 May – Remigius de Fécamp, Bishop of Lincoln 1094 21 November – Simeon, Abbot of Ely (born c. 994) 1095 19 January – Wulfstan, Bishop of Worcester (born 1008) 26 June – Robert the Lotharingian, Bishop of Hereford 1096 2 January – William de St-Calais, Bishop of Durham and counsellor of William II 1097 January/February – Odo of Bayeux, Earl of Kent (born c. 1030s in Normandy; died on First Crusade) c. 1097/8 – Baldwin, Abbot of Bury St Edmunds and royal doctor 1098 3 January – Walkelin, Bishop of Winchester 1099 3 December – Saint Osmund, Bishop of Salisbury and Lord Chancellor
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