Sovereign states existing during the 1660s, listed below, included empires, kingdoms, sultanates, republics, principalities, khanates, and other polities. States that existed for only part of the decade are also included.
Sovereign states
A Aceh - Sultanate of Aceh Ahom - Ahom Kingdom Algiers - Sultanate of Algiers Andorra - Principality of Andorra Ankole - Kingdom of Ankole Anziku - Anziku Kingdom Aragon - Kingdom of Aragon Arakan - Kingdom of Arakan Asahan - Sultanate of Asahan Ayutthaya - Kingdom of Ayutthaya
B Bacan - Sultanate of Bacan Badakhshan - Khanate of Badakhshan Badung - Kingdom of Badung Bamberg - Prince-Bishopric of Bamberg Bamoun - Bamoun Sultanate Bangkalan - State of Bangkalan Banjarmasin - Sultanate of Banjarmasin Banten - Sultanate of Banten Basel - Prince-Bishopric of Basel Bemba - Bemba Kingdom Benin - Benin Empire Bhadgaon - Kingdom of Bhadgaon Bhutan - Bhutan Bijapur - Bijapur Sultanate Bijayapur - Bijayapur Kingdom Bila - Bila Sultanate Bima - Sultanate of Bima Bone - Sultanate of Bone Brunei - Sultanate of Brunei Buganda - Kingdom of Buganda Bukhara - Khanate of Bukhara Buleleng - Kingdom of Buleleng Bunyoro - Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara Burma - Kingdom of Burma Burundi - Kingdom of Burundi Buton - Sultanate of Buton Butua - Kingdom of Butua
C Cambodia - Kingdom of Cambodia Catalonia - Principality of Catalonia China - Great Qing Empire Chitradurga - Chitradurga Nayak Kingdom Chitral - Kingdom of Chitral under the Katoor Dynasty Cianjur - State of Cianjur Cirebon - Sultanate of Cirebon Cospaia - Republic of Cospaia Cossack Hetmanate - Zaporizhian Host Crimea - Crimean Khanate
D Dahomey - Kingdom of Dahomey Dauro - Kingdom of Dauro Dendi - Kingdom of Dendi - Kingdom of Denmark and Norway - Republic of the Seven United Netherlands
E England, Scotland and Ireland - Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland (to May 8, 1660) Ennarea - Kingdom of Ennarea Ethiopia - Empire of Ethiopia
F - Kingdom of France
G Garo - Kingdom of Garo Geneva - Republic of Geneva - Most Serene Republic of Genoa Gianyar - Kingdom of Gianyar Golconda - Golconda Sultanate Gorkha - Kingdom of Gorkha Gowa - Sultanate of Gowa /Union of Crowns (from May 8, 1660)
H Harar - Sultanate of Harar - Holy Roman Empire Hungary - Kingdom of Hungary Hunza - Principality of Hunza
I Imereti - Kingdom of Imereti Ireland - Kingdom of Ireland (from May 8, 1660) Itza - Kingdom of the Itza Maya
J Jambi - Sultanate of Jambi Janjero - Kingdom of Janjero Japan - Tokugawa shogunate Jaxa Jimma - Kingdom of Jimma Johor-Riau - Sultanate of Johor-Riau
K Kaffa - Kingdom of Kaffa Kakheti - Kingdom of Kakheti Kalat - Khanate of Kalat Kampong Raja - Sultanate of Kampong Raja Karagwe - Kingdom of Karagwe Kartli - Kingdom of Kartli Kashgar - Khanate of Kashgar Kathmandu - Kingdom of Kathmandu Kazakh Khanate - Kazakh Khanate Kedah - Negeri Kedah Darul Aman (to September) Keladi - Keladi Nayaka Kingdom Khiva - Khanate of Khiva Klungkung - Kingdom of Klungkung Kongo - Kingdom of Kongo Konta - Kingdom of Konta Korea - Kingdom of Joseon Kota Pinang - Sultanate of Kota Pinang
L Ladakh - Kingdom of Ladakh Lan Xang - Kingdom of Lan Xang Landak - State of Landak Limbangan - State of Limbangan (from 1660) Loango - Kingdom of Loango Luba - Luba Empire Lucca - Republic of Lucca Lunda - Lunda Kingdom Luwu - Kingdom of Luwu
M Madurai - Madurai Nayak Kingdom Mainz - Archbishopric of Mainz Majeerteen - Sultanate of Majeerteen Malta - Order of Saint John Mandara - Mandara Kingdom Mantua - Duchy of Mantua Mataram - Mataram Sultanate Milan - Duchy of Milan Minangkabau - Minangkabau Kingdom Mindanao - Sultanate of Maguindanao Mingrelia - Principality of Mingrelia Modena - Duchy of Modena and Reggio Mogadishu - Sultanate of Mogadishu Moldavia - Principality of Moldavia Mongolia - Mongolian Empire Morocco - Sultanate of Morocco (from 1666) Mrauk U - Kingdom of Mrauk U Mughal Empire - Mughal Empire Muscat - Sultanate of Muscat Mustang - Kingdom of Mustang Mutapa - Kingdom of Mutapa Mysore - Kingdom of Mysore
N Nagar - Principality of Nagar Naning - State of Naning Naples - Kingdom of Naples Narjan – Principality of Najran - Kingdom of Norway (Province of Denmark, nominally in personal union)
O - Ottoman Empire Oyo - Oyo Empire
P - Negeri Pahang Darul Makmur Palembang - Sultanate of Palembang Darussalam Papal States - States of the Church Papekat - Sultanate of Papekat (from 1660) Parma - Duchy of Parma and Piacenza Passau - Bishopric of Passau Patan - Kingdom of Patan Pattani Kingdom - Sultanate of Pattani and Kelantan - Negeri Perak Darur Ridzwan Persia - Persian Empire Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Portugal - Kingdom of Portugal Prussia - Duchy of Prussia
R Ragusa - Republic of Ragusa Rapa Nui - Kingdom of Rapa Nui Rembau - State of Rembau Russia - Tsardom of Russia Rwanda - Kingdom of Rwanda
S Sambas - Sultanate of Sambas Salé - Republic of Salé Samoa - Kingdom of Samoa - Most Serene Republic of San Marino Sanggau - Sultanate of Sanggau Sardinia - Kingdom of Sardinia - Duchy of Savoy Sekadau - Sultanate of Sekadau Selambau - State of Selambau Sheka - Kingdom of Sheka Sicily - Kingdom of Sicily Sikkim - Kingdom of Sikkim Soppeng - Kingdom of Soppeng Southern Ming - Great Ming Empire - Monarchy of Spain Stavelot-Malmedy - Imperial Abbey of Stavelot and Malmedy Sukapura - State of Sukapura Sukadana - Sultanate of Sukadana Sulu - Sultanate of Sulu Sumbawa - Sultanate of Sumbawa Sumedang - State of Sumedang Sumenep - State of Sumenep - Kingdom of Sweden Switzerland - Swiss Confederacy
T Tallo - Sultanate of Tallo Tanette - State of Tanette Ternate - Sultanate of Ternate Thanjavur - Thanjavur Nayak Kingdom Tibet - Kingdom of Tibet Tidore - Sultanate of Tidore Tonga - Tu'i Tonga Tonkin - Great Viet Realm Transylvania - Principality of Transylvania Tuggurt - Sultanate of Tuggurt Turpan - Khanate of Turpan Tuscany - Grand Duchy of Tuscany
V Valencia - Kingdom of Valencia - Most Serene Republic of Venice Viet Nam (Dai Viet) - Later Le Dynasty
W Wajo - State of Wajo Wallachia - Principality of Wallachia Welayta - Kingdom of Welayta
Non-sovereign territories England English America
Notes