The Balearic Islands (, )—Balearics until 2000 (, )—are one of the 52 constituencies represented in the Congress of Deputies, the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, the . The constituency (whose boundaries correspond with those of the homonymous province) currently elects eight deputies. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional voting, with a minimum threshold of three percent.
Electoral system The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Law and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Law provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Congress of Deputies,. with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978.. Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales..
Voting is based on universal suffrage, comprising all Spanish nationals over 18 years of age with full political rights, provided that they have not been deprived of the right to vote by a final sentence.. The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights.; . Amendments in 2011 required non-resident citizens to apply for voting, a system known as "begged" voting ().. which was abolished in 2022. Further, amendments in 2018 granted the right to vote to those legally incapacitated. The Congress of Deputies has a minimum of 300 and a maximum of 400 seats, with electoral provisions fixing its size at 350. Of these, 348 are elected in 50 multi-member constituencies corresponding to the provinces of Spain—each of which is assigned an initial minimum of two seats and the remaining 248 distributed in proportion to population—using the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional voting, with a three percent-threshold of valid votes (including blank ballots) in each constituency. The remaining two seats are allocated to Ceuta and Melilla as single-member districts elected by plurality voting.; ; ; . The use of this electoral method may result in a higher effective threshold depending on district magnitude and vote distribution. The law does not provide for by-elections to fill vacant seats; instead, any vacancies arising after the proclamation of candidates and during the legislative term are filled by the next candidates on the party lists or, when required, by designated substitutes.; .
The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance are required to inform the relevant electoral commission within 10 days of the election call—15 before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one permille of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list. Also since 2011, parties, federations or alliances that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.; . Amendments in 2007 required a balanced composition of men and women in the electoral lists, so that candidates of either sex made up at least 40 percent of the total composition; further amendments in 2024 required the use of a zipper system..
Deputies Deputies 1977–present Legislature Election Distribution Constituent 1977 2 4 1st 1979 2 4 2nd 1982 3 3 3rd 1986 3 3 4th 1989 3 3 5th 1993 3 4 6th 1996 3 4 7th 2000 2 5 8th 2004 4 4 9th 2008 4 4 10th 2011 3 5 11th 2015 2 2 1 3 12th 2016 2 2 1 3 13th 2019 (Apr) 2 3 1 1 1 14th 2019 (Nov) 2 2 2 2 15th 2023 1 3 3 1
General elections 2023 + Summary of the 23 July 2023 Congress of Deputies election results in the Balearic Islands Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 179,303 35.63 +12.79 3 +1 Socialist Party of the Balearic Islands (PSIB–PSOE) 151,786 30.16 +4.72 3 +1 More for Mallorca–More for Menorca–Unite (Més–MxMe–Sumar)1 83,487 16.59 –7.89 1 –1 Vox (Vox) 76,547 15.21 –1.86 1 –1 Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)2 4,969 0.99 –0.38 0 ±0 Workers' Front (FO) 1,039 0.21 New 0 ±0 Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero) 726 0.14 –0.07 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) 719 0.14 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 4,704 0.93 –0.10 Total 503,280 8 ±0 Valid votes 503,280 99.03 –0.01 Invalid votes 4,953 0.97 +0.01 Votes cast / turnout 508,233 61.32 +4.51 Abstentions 320,522 38.68 –4.51 Registered voters 828,755 Sources
November 2019 + Summary of the 10 November 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in the Balearic Islands Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 115,567 25.44 –0.92 2 –1 People's Party (PP) 103,722 22.84 +5.99 2 +1 United We Can (Podemos–EUIB) 82,225 18.10 +0.26 2 ±0 Vox (Vox) 77,520 17.07 +5.77 2 +1 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 33,451 7.36 –10.06 0 –1 More Left (Més–MxMe–esquerra)1 18,295 4.03 –0.83 0 ±0 More Country (Más País) 10,652 2.35 New 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 6,207 1.37 –0.34 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 947 0.21 –0.02 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 573 0.13 ±0.00 0 ±0 Libertarian Party (P–LIB) 372 0.08 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 4,668 1.03 +0.13 Total 454,199 8 ±0 Valid votes 454,199 99.04 +0.11 Invalid votes 4,393 0.96 –0.11 Votes cast / turnout 458,592 56.81 –8.56 Abstentions 348,578 43.19 +8.56 Registered voters 807,170 Sources
April 2019 + Summary of the 28 April 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in the Balearic Islands Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 136,698 26.36 +6.27 3 +1 United We Can (Podemos–EUIB) 92,477 17.84 –7.57 2 ±0 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 90,340 17.42 +2.85 1 ±0 People's Party (PP) 87,352 16.85 –18.23 1 –2 Vox (Vox) 58,567 11.30 New 1 +1 Progressive Voices (Ara–Més–esquerra) 25,191 4.86 New 0 ±0 El Pi–Proposal for the Isles (El Pi) 11,692 2.25 New 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 8,864 1.71 +0.15 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 1,197 0.23 –0.12 0 ±0 Act (PACT) 796 0.15 New 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 686 0.13 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 4,647 0.90 –0.01 Total 518,507 8 ±0 Valid votes 518,507 98.93 –0.08 Invalid votes 5,594 1.07 +0.08 Votes cast / turnout 524,101 65.37 +4.64 Abstentions 277,620 34.63 –4.64 Registered voters 801,721 Sources
2016 + Summary of the 26 June 2016 Congress of Deputies election results in the Balearic Islands Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 163,045 35.08 +6.02 3 ±0 United We Can–More (Podemos–EUIB–Més)1 118,082 25.41 –7.03 2 ±0 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 93,363 20.09 +1.78 2 ±0 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 67,700 14.57 –0.21 1 ±0 Sovereignty for the Isles (SI) 7,418 1.60 New 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 7,266 1.56 +0.50 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 1,644 0.35 +0.11 0 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 1,197 0.26 –0.21 0 ±0 Family and Life Party (PFyV) 846 0.18 +0.03 0 ±0 Blank ballots 4,226 0.91 +0.08 Total 464,787 8 ±0 Valid votes 464,787 99.01 –0.03 Invalid votes 4,650 0.99 +0.03 Votes cast / turnout 469,437 60.73 –2.62 Abstentions 303,502 39.27 +2.62 Registered voters 772,939 Sources
2015 + Summary of the 20 December 2015 Congress of Deputies election results in the Balearic Islands Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 140,640 29.06 –20.53 3 –2 We Can (Podemos) 111,628 23.07 New 2 +2 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 88,635 18.31 –10.56 2 –1 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 71,551 14.78 New 1 +1 More for the Balearic Islands (Més)1 33,877 7.00 –0.17 0 ±0 El Pi–Proposal for the Isles (El Pi) 12,910 2.67 New 0 ±0 United Left–Balearic Popular Unity (IU–UPB) 11,451 2.37 –2.57 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 5,114 1.06 +0.23 0 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 2,276 0.47 –3.76 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 1,177 0.24 New 0 ±0 Family and Life Party (PFyV) 714 0.15 –0.02 0 ±0 Blank ballots 3,997 0.83 –0.98 Total 483,970 8 ±0 Valid votes 483,970 99.04 +0.66 Invalid votes 4,696 0.96 –0.66 Votes cast / turnout 488,666 63.35 +2.39 Abstentions 282,715 36.65 –2.39 Registered voters 771,381 Sources
2011 + Summary of the 20 November 2011 Congress of Deputies election results in the Balearic Islands Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 217,327 49.59 +5.62 5 +1 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 126,512 28.87 –15.36 3 –1 PSM–Initiative Greens–Agreement–Equo (PSM–IV–ExM–eQuo) 31,417 7.17 +1.80 0 ±0 United Left of the Balearic Islands: Plural Left (EUIB) 21,668 4.94 +2.10 0 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 18,525 4.23 +3.57 0 ±0 Republican Left (esquerra) 4,681 1.07 New 0 ±0 Blank Seats (EB) 4,271 0.97 New 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 3,641 0.83 +0.58 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 1,093 0.25 +0.16 0 ±0 Family and Life Party (PFyV) 746 0.17 +0.11 0 ±0 Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 450 0.10 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 7,941 1.81 +0.54 Total 438,272 8 ±0 Valid votes 438,272 98.38 –0.77 Invalid votes 7,216 1.62 +0.77 Votes cast / turnout 445,488 60.96 –6.61 Abstentions 285,252 39.04 +6.61 Registered voters 730,740 Sources
2008 + Summary of the 9 March 2008 Congress of Deputies election results in the Balearic Islands Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 209,451 44.23 +4.75 4 ±0 People's Party (PP) 208,246 43.97 –1.92 4 ±0 Unity for the Isles (UIB)1 25,454 5.37 –5.45 0 ±0 United Left–The Greens (EU–EV) 13,447 2.84 New 0 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 3,107 0.66 New 0 ±0 The Greens–Green Group (LV–GV) 2,098 0.44 New 0 ±0 Anti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 1,173 0.25 New 0 ±0 Citizens for Blank Votes (CenB) 1,010 0.21 –0.13 0 ±0 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 723 0.15 New 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 425 0.09 New 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 415 0.09 New 0 ±0 Islander Party of the Balearic Islands (PIIB) 360 0.08 New 0 ±0 Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE de las JONS) 334 0.07 ±0.00 0 ±0 Family and Life Party (PFyV) 284 0.06 New 0 ±0 National Democracy (DN) 250 0.05 ±0.00 0 ±0 Humanist Party (PH) 206 0.04 New 0 ±0 Workers for Democracy Coalition (TD) 159 0.03 –0.06 0 ±0 Authentic Phalanx (FA) 158 0.03 New 0 ±0 Balearic Alliance (ABA) 145 0.03 New 0 ±0 Spanish Alternative (AES) 112 0.02 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 6,026 1.27 –0.66 Total 473,583 8 ±0 Valid votes 473,583 99.15 –0.14 Invalid votes 4,079 0.85 +0.14 Votes cast / turnout 477,662 67.57 –1.27 Abstentions 229,276 32.43 +1.27 Registered voters 706,938 Sources
2004