The governor of Shandong, officially the Governor of the Shandong Provincial People's Government, is the head of the Shandong Provincial People's Government. The governor generally serves as the deputy secretary of the Shandong Provincial Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, and is the second highest-ranking official in the province after the secretary of the CCP Shandong Committee.
List of governors
Ming dynasty (1368-1644)
In the first year of the Ming dynasty (1368), the Ming government established the province of Shandong (山東行中書省), formally designating Shandong as a province. In 1376, the capital was moved from Qingzhou to Jinan.
In 1440, the central Ming authority officially created the position of Governor (xunfu) of Shandong; the full title was Governor of Shandong and surrounding regions, responsible for Overseeing Military Agriculture, Managing Waterways, and Commanding Military Affairs (). No.PhotoNameAppointedLeft officeNotes 1 Cao Hong 1431 1435 2 Li Yu 1435 1435 3 Cao Hong 1436 1439 4 Zhang Ji 1445 1447 5 Zhao Xin 1449 1449 6 Hong Ying 1450 1452 7 Xue Xilian 1452 1456 8 Lin Cong 1457 1457 9 Nian Fu 1458 1460 10 Jia Quan 1460 1466 30 Wang Xu 1518 1521 31 Chen Fengwu 1521 1523 32 Wang Yaofeng 1523 1529 33 Jiang Yao 1525 1525 34 Liu Jie 1529 1530 35 Shao Xi 1530 1531 36 Yuan Zongru 1531 1533 37 Tang Zhou 1533 1534 38 Guan Ji 1534 1535 39 Cai Jing 1535 1536 40 Hu Zanzong 1536 1538 41 Cao Lan 1538 1539 42 Li Zhong 1539 1541 43 Zeng Xi 1541 1544 44 Duan Tingshe 1544 1545 45 Lou Zhide 1545 1546 46 He Ao 1546 1547 47 Peng An 1547 1548 48 Luo Yong 1548 1549 49 Ying Jia 1549 1549 50 Ying Dayou 1549 1550 51 Sun Shiyou 1550 1550 52 1550 1551 53 Wang Yu 1552 1552 54 Shen Yinglong 1552 1554 55 Liu Cai 1554 1557 56 Fu Yi 1557 1557 57 Ding Yizhong 1558 1560 58 Zhu Heng 1560 1561 59 Xie Dongshan 1561 1562 60 Zhang Jian 1563 1564 61 Bao Xiangxian 1564 1565 62 Huo Ji 1565 1566 63 Weng Dali 1566 1566 64 Zhang Yunjì 1566 1597 65 Hong Chaoxuan 1529 1567 66 Jiang Tingyi 1567 1570 67 Liang Menglong 1570 1571 68 Fu Xizhi 1571 1574 69 Li Shida 1574 1577 70 Zhao Xian 1577 1579 71 He Qiming 1579 1581 72 Yang Junmin 1581 1581 73 Lu Shude 1581 1583 74 Li Fu 1583 1586 75 Li Dai 1586 1589 76 Song Yingchang 1589 1592 77 Sun Kuang 1592 1593 78 Zheng Rubi 1593 1595 79 Zhang Yunjì 1595 1597 80 Yin Yingyuan 1597 1599 81 Liu Yicong 1599 1600 82 Huang Kezuan 1601 1612 83 Li Tongfang 1612 1614 84 Qian Shiwang 1614 1616 85 Li Changgang 1616 1619 86 Wang Zaijin 1619 1620 87 Zhao Yan 1620 1623 88 Wang Weijian 1623 1625 89 Lu Chunru 1625 1626 90 Li Jingbai 1626 1627 91 Wang Congyi 1628 1630 92 Shen Xun 1630 1630 93 Yu Dacheng 1631 1632 94 Xu Congzhi 1632 1632 95 Zhu Datian 1632 1634 96 Li Maofang 1634 1636 97 Yan Jizu 1636 1639 98 Liu Jingyao 1639 1639 99 Wang Guobin 1639 1641 100 Wang Gongbi 1641 1641 101 Wang Yongji 1642 1642 102 Qiu Zude 1642 1644 103 Wang Gongbi 1644 1644
Qing dynasty (1644-1912)
After Jurchen people took power, they reestablished the office of the Provincial Governor of Shandong, formally titled Governor of Shandong and surrounding regions, Commander of Military Affairs and Provisions, concurrently overseeing Agricultural Affairs () The governor was stationed in Jinan and held the official rank of Senior Second Rank (正二品). In 1714, the governor additionally took on the supervision of Linqing Customs; in 1743, he was granted the honorary title of Commander General (), and in 1837, the governor assumed responsibility for Shandong's salt administration. Due to these additional duties, the actual status of the Shandong Governor in the Qing dynasty rose to Sub-First Rank (從一品), making him the highest-ranking regional official overseeing both civil and military affairs on behalf of the imperial court. The governor's administrative office, known as the Xunfu Yamen (巡撫衙門), which also referred to as the Department of the Provincial Governor (巡抚部院署) or Office of the Provincial Governor (巡抚院署), was the highest executive institution of the province, located within the Pearl Spring compound in Jinan. No.PhotoNameAppointedLeft officeNotes 1 Fang Dayou 1644 1645 2 Ding Wensheng 1645 1647 3 Zhang Ruxiu 1647 1648 4 Lü Fengchun 1648 1649 5 Xia Yu 1649 1654 6 Geng Tun 1654 1658 7 Xu Wenxiu 1659 1661 8 Jiang Guozhu 1661 1663 9 Zhou Youde 1663 1667 10 Liu Fangshu 1668 1670 11 Yuan Maogong 1670 1671 12 Zhang Fengyi 1671 1673 13 Zhao Xiangxing 1673 1679 14 Shi Weihan 1679 1683 15 Li Tianyu 1683 1683 16 Xu Xuling 1683 1684 17 Zhang Peng 1684 1686 18 Lang Yongqing 1686 1687 19 Qian Jue 1687 1689 20 Fulen 1689 1692 21 Sang'e 1692 1695 22 Yang Tingyao 1695 1696 23 Li Wei 1696 1698 24 Li Bing 1698 1698 25 Wang Guochang 1698 1704 26 Zhao Shixian 1704 1708 27 Jiang Chenxi 1708 1716 28 Li Shude 1716 1722 29 Xie Cilu 1722 1722 30 Huang Bing 1722 1724 31 Chen Shiguan 1724 1726 32 Seleng'e 1726 1728 33 Yue Jun 1728 1736 34 Famin 1736 1739 35 Shuose 1739 1740 36 Zhu Dingyuan 1740 1742 37 Yan Sisheng 1742 1743 38 Kaqishan 1743 1746 39 Seleng'e 1746 1746 40 Arigūn 1746 1748 41 Zhuntai 1748 1751 Zhaohui acting42 Oyonggo 1751 1752 43 Yang Yingju 1752 1754 44 Guo Yiyu 1754 1755 Bai Zhongshan acting45 E Leshun 1755 1756 46 Aibida 1756 1755 47 Henian 1755 1756 48 Jiang Zhou 1756 1756 Henian concurrent; Altai acting49 Altai 1756 1763 50 Cui Yingjie 1763 1767 51 Li Qingshi 1767 1768 52 Zhang Bao 1768 1768 53 Funihan 1768 1768 54 Fuming'an 1768 1771 55 Zhou Yuanli 1771 1771 56 Xu Ji 1771 1774 57 Yang Jingsu 1774 1777 58 Hao Shuo 1777 1777 59 Guotai 1777 1782 Nomuqin acting60 Mingxing 1782 1787 61 Changlin 1787 1790 Hu Jitang guardian62 Huiling 1790 1791 Jiang Lan guardian63 Jiqing 1791 1793 64 Huiling 1793 1793 65 Funing 1793 1794 66 Muholan 1794 1794 67 Bi Yuan 1794 1795 68 Yude 1795 1796 69 Yijiang'a 1796 1799 Yixing acting70 Chen Dawen 1799 1800 71 Jiang Zhaokui 1800 1800 72 Huiling 1800 1801 73 Henning 1801 1802 74 Zu Zhiwang 1802 1802 75 Woshibu 1802 1803 76 Tiebao 1803 1805 77 Quanbao 1805 1805 Acting78 Changling 1805 1807 79 Jilun 1807 1808 80 Bailing 1808 1809 81 Jilun 1809 1811 82 Tongxing 1811 1814 Zhang Xu acting83 Chen Yu 1814 1818 84 Heshunwu 1818 1819 85 Cheng Guoren 1819 1820 86 Qian Zhen 1820 1821 87 Qishan 1821 1822 Yang Jian guardian88 Cheng Hanzhang 1822 1823 89 Qishan 1823 1824 90 Ne'erjing'e 1824 — Acting91 Qishan 1825 1825 92 Yilibu 1825 1825 93 Ne'erjing'e — — Acting94 Wulong'a 1825 1826 95 Chen Zhongfu 1826 1826 Acting96 Cheng Hanzhang 1826 1827 97 He Changling 1827 — 98 Lu Kun 1827 1827 99 Qishan 1827 1829 100 Ne'erjing'e 1829 1832 101 Zhong Xiang 1832 1836 102 Jing'ebulu 1836 1839 103 Tuohunbu 1839 1842 104 Cheng Yucai 1842 1842 Not in office105 Liang Baochang 1842 1843 Linkui, Wang Du acting106 Chongen 1843 1847 107 Zhang Lizhong 1847 1848 108 Xu Zechun 1848 1849 109 Chen Qingxie 1849 1852 Liu Yuanhao, Chen Qingxie acting110 Li Pi 1852 1853 111 Zhang Liangji 1853 1854 112 Chongen 1854 1859 113 Wen Yu 1859 1861 114 Tan Tingxiang 1861 1862 Yan Jingming acting115 Yan Jingming 1863 1867 116 Ding Baozhen 1867 1876 Wen Bin acting117 Wenge 1876 1879 118 Zhou Hengqi 1879 1881 119 Ren Daorong 1881 1883 120 Chen Shijie 1883 1886 121 Zhang Yao 1886 1891 122 Furun 1891 1894 123 Li Bingheng 1894 1897 Resigned due to Juye Incident; later committed suicide in Boxer Rebellion124 Zhang Rumei 1897 1899 125 Yuxian 1899 1900 Executed in Boxer Rebellion126 Yuan Shikai 1900 1901 Filial mourning leave mid-1901; later became the President of ROC and Hongxian Emperor127 Zhang Renjun 1901 1902 128 Zhou Fu 1902 1904 129 Yang Shixiang 1904 1907 130 Wu Tingbin 1907 1908 Yuan Dahua acting131 Yuan Shuxun 1908 1909 132 Sun Baoqi 1909 1911 133 Hu Jianshu 1911 1912 Acting134 Zhang Guangjian 1912 —
Republic of China (1912-49)
Beiyang Government (1912-27)
Qing regime was overthrown in 1911, yet Southern revolutionaries were not able to take full control of the country, a vast part of it were still governed by old military leaders, which is known as Beiyang warlords. During the Beiyang era (1912–1928), the Governor of Shandong Province held broad authority over civil administration, finance, education, and public security, and often exercised military power, especially when concurrently serving as military governor or commander-in-chief. Given Shandong's strategic importance and proximity to the Beiyang Government's power base, the position of governor was typically filled by prominent figures affiliated with major warlord factions—namely the Anhui, Zhili, and Fengtian cliques.
Governorships were unstable and frequently changed hands, reflecting the intense factional struggles and shifting alliances in the warlord-dominated central government. Notable governors during this period included Jin Yunpeng, who later became Premier, as well as Zhang Jingyao and Gao Heng, all of whom represented competing warlord interests. OfficeholderTerm of officePartyTook officeLeft office1Hu YingFebruary 1912March 1912Kuomintang2Zhang GuangjianMarch 1912March 19123Zhou ZiqiMarch 1912August 19134Jin YunpengAugust 1913May 19165Zhang HuaizhiMay 1916June 19186Zhang ShuyuanJune 1918December 19197Tian ZhongyuDecember 1919October 19238Zheng ShiqiOctober 1923April 19259Zhang ZongchangApril 1925June 1928
Nationalist Government of Nanjing (1927-37)
The North Expedition successfully defeated Beiyang warlords and united China under a single government from Nanjing. During the Nationalist Government era (1928–1937, 1945–1949), the Governor of Shandong Province was appointed by the central government of the Republic of China under the Kuomintang (KMT). The governor functioned as the highest administrative authority in the province, overseeing civil governance, public security, taxation, education, and—in some cases—military affairs, particularly during times of war and political instability.
This position was in vacuum during Japanese occupation, and after the End of World War II, the Nationalist Government reassigned governors. The second to last governor, general Wang Yaowu, was captured as prisoner by communist troops after they took Jinan. Then Qin Dechun was appointed, but he never assumed office until March 1945, when he went to Qingdao and took the oath. Nive days later, Qin fled to Guangzhou then Taiwan, marking the end of the Republic of China's rule in Shandong. OfficeholderTerm of officePartyTook officeLeft office1Sun LiangchengMay 1928April 1929Kuomintang–Shi JintingMay 1928October 1928–Lü XiuwenActing–Chen DiaoyuanActing2Chen DiaoyuanMay 1929September 19303Han FujuSeptember 1930January 19384Shen HonglieJanuary 193827 December 19415Mou ZhongxingJanuary 1942December 19446Xue YueDecember 1944January 19457He SiyuanJanuary 1945November 19468Wang YaowuNovember 1946November 19489Qin DechunNovember 1948March 1949
Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1937–1940)
At the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, following the Japanese army's capture of Nanjing, a Provisional Government of the Republic of China was established in Beijing under Japanese occupation. Ma Liang joined the regime as a committee member. In 1938, he was appointed Governor of Shandong Province and concurrently served as Commander-in-Chief of Provincial Security Forces.
In January 1939, Tang Yangdu was appointed as Governor of Shandong; during his tenure, he was responsible for strengthening internal security and suppressing rebellion activities within the province. OfficeholderTerm of officePartyTook officeLeft officeGovernor of the Shandong Provincial Government (山東省公署省長)1Ma LiangMarch 1938January 19392Tang YangduJanuary 1939March 1940
Wang Jingwei Regime (1940–1945) In March 1940, the Provisional Government merged with Wang Jingwei's Reorganized National Government based in Nanjing. Tang Yangdu continued to serve as Governor of Shandong under the new regime. This position was abolished after Japanese got defeated; Tang Yangdu and Yang Yuxun were executed because of treason, and Ma Liang died in a prison in Jinan.