The Qing dynasty of China ruled over the Mongolian Plateau, including Inner Mongolia and Outer Mongolia. Both regions, however, were separately administered within the empire.
The estate of Jebtsundamba Khutugtu, the Great (from Mongolian , disciple) in 1723, became independent from the four in the sense that its subjects were exempt from most taxes and corvees. The did not—except the three Darkhad in Khövsgöl—control territory. Rather, its subjects mostly lived among the general population. Similar existed for other high lamas.
Direct control The direct-controlled Mongols () were banners () controlled by provinces, generals and ambasa. The following regions were directly controlled by the Manchu:
Eight Banners of Chahar Dariganga - Qing emperor's pasture, where the best horses from both Inner and Outer Mongolia were collected and mastered by the Dariganga tribe. It was controlled from Kalgan. Today's location is Dariganga , Sukhbaatar province, Mongolia. Guihua Town Tümed (Shanxi) Barga (Heilongjiang) Tannu Uriankhai 5 banners and 46 or 47 (Governor general of Uliastai) Myanghad Banner, Zakhchin Banner and Ööld Banner (Khovd) Altai Uriankhai and Altai Nuur Uriankhai (Khovd) Damxung Mongolians (Tibet)
Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia'sMichael Weiers (editor) Die Mongolen. Beiträge zu ihrer Geschichte und Kultur, Darmstadt 1986, p. 416ff original 24 () were replaced by 49 banners (s) that would later be organized into six leagues (, assemblies). The eight Chakhar banners and the two Tümed banners around Guihua were directly administered by the Manchu. Jirim League Khorchin 6 banners Jalaid 1 banner Dörbet 1 banner Gorlos 1 banner Josotu League Kharchin 3 banners Kharchin Right Banner Kharchin Middle Banner Kharchin Left Banner Tümed 2 banners Juu Uda League Aokhan 1 banner Naiman 1 banner Baarin 2 banners Jarud 2 banners Ar Khorchin 2 banners Onginuud 1 banner Kesigten 1 banner Züün Khalkha 1 banner Xilin Gol League Üzemchin 2 banners Khuuchid 2 banners Sünid 2 banners Abga 2 banners Abganar 2 banners Ulanqab League Dörben Khüükhed 1 banner Muu Myangan 1 banner Urad 3 banners Baruun Khalkha 1 banner Ihe Juu League Ordos Mongols 7 banners
Outer Mongolia (Khalkha)
The Khalkha were preserved—with the notable exception of the establishment of Sain Noyan in 1725. Each had a , usually named after the place (mountains or rivers) where it convened. The were divided into banners - whose number increased from originally eight eventually to 86—and further into .Weiers 1986, p.446 A consisted of 150 men fit for military service, a of 50.S. Demberel et al., BNMAU-yn tüükhiin zarim ner tomyoo, on tsagiin tailbar toli, Ulaanbaatar 1991, p. 18, 65 A military governor was installed in Uliastai, and two civil governors () in Khüree and in Kobdo.
Ochirbatu Tüshiyetu Khan aimag 20 banners Gobi Tüshiye Gong Darhan Chin Wang Zorigtu Wang Gobi Mergen Wang Erdeni Daichin Wang Daichin Beise Sain Noyan 24 banners Sain Noyan 22 banners Ööld Banner Ööld Front Banner Maha Samadhi Secen Khan 23 banners Borjigin Secen Wang Achitu Wang Secen Chin Wang Sang Beise Höbchi yin Jinong Wang Hurtsa Wang Dalai Darhan Beile Zasagtu Khan 19 banners Erdeni Bishireltu Zasagtu Khan Akhai Beile Dalai Gong Mergen Gong Erdeni Degüregchi Wang Tsogtoi Beise Chin Achit Wang Zorigtu Wang Jilhanza Hutuhtu Ilagugsan Hutuhtu Sartaul Secen Hang Bagatur Wang Erdeni Beise Darhan Beile Daichin Wang Süjigtu Gong Üizen Beise Nomun Khan Hutuhtu Ilden Gong Bishireltu Gong Itgemjitu Beile Yosotu Beise Jinong Wang
Tannu Uriankhai Tannu Banner () Salajik Banner () Tojin Banner () Khövsgöl Nuur Banner () Ar Shirkhten Uriankhai 1 () Övör Shirkhten Uriankhai 1 Khemchik Banner () Uliastai General (Amban) 25 () Zasagtu Khan 5 () Sain Noyan Hošo Prince 13 () Jebtsundamba Khutugtu’s Darkhad Shabinar 5 ()
Western Hetao Mongolia
Alasha Ööled Banner (, ; modern-day Alxa left and right banners in Alxa League, Inner Mongolia) Ejine Torghuud Banner (modern-day Ejina banner in Alxa League, Inner Mongolia)
Other Mongolian banners
Khovd Also romanized as Hovd or Kobdo, now western Mongolia.
Thirty :
Batu Irugertu Tögs Khülug Dalai Khan Batu Irugertu Tögs Khülug Dalai Khan Kobdo Taiachin Daichin Zasag Dalai Gong Jinong Zasag Erdeni Zasag Erhe Zasag Bagatur Zasag Mergen Zasag Iltei Zasag Secen Zasag Hurtsa Gong Saragul Gong Ünen Zorigtu Khan Altai Uriankhai 7 banners Daichin Gong Banner Tusalagchi Gong Banner Torghuud, Khoshuud 3 banners Zakhchin Örnö, Dorno Banner Hovd Tümed Tariachin Banner
Qinghai Mongols Khoshuud 21 banners Choros 2 banners Choros North Middle Banner Choros South Right Wing First Banner Khoyid 1 banner Khoyid South Banner Torghuud 4 banners Torghuud West Banner Torghuud South Front Banner Torghuud South Middle Banner Torghuud South Rear Banner Khalkha 1 banner Khalkha South Right Banner
Xinjiang 13 banners (in modern-day Xinjiang)
See also Administrative divisions of the Qing dynasty Qing dynasty in Inner Asia
References