List of flora of Greenland

The flora of Greenland consists of a total of 583 species or 614 taxa (species and subspecies) of vascular plants, of which 13 are endemic, and 87 taxa introduced by humans, most of which are naturalized.

Apiaceae Angelica archangelica – native Carum carvi – introduced Ligusticum scoticum ssp. scoticum – native

Aspleniaceae Asplenium viride – native

Asteraceae Achillea millefolium ssp. millefolium – introduced Antennaria affinis – native, endemic (microspecies) Antennaria alpina Antennaria angustata – native Antennaria boecherana – native, endemic (microspecies) Antennaria canescens – native Antennaria compacta – native Antennaria friesiana – native Antennaria glabrata – native Antennaria hansii – native, endemic (microspecies) Antennaria intermedia – native, endemic (microspecies) Antennaria porsildii – native Antennaria sornborgeri – native Antennaria subcanescens – native Arnica angustifolia ssp. angustifolia – native Artemisia borealis ssp. borealis – native Artemisia vulgaris – introduced Chamomilla recutita – introduced Chamomilla suaveolens – introduced Cirsium arvense – introduced Cirsium helenioides – native, locally extinct Crepis tectorum ssp. tectorum – introduced Erigeron borealis – native Erigeron compositus – native Erigeron humilis – native Erigeron uniflorus ssp. eriocephalus – native Erigeron uniflorus ssp. uniflorus – native Filaginella uliginosa – introduced Hieracium sect. Alpina – native Hieracium sect. Prenanthoidea – native Hieracium sect. Subalpina – native Hieracium sect. Tridentata – native Leontodon autumnalis ssp. autumnalis – introduced (Norsemen) Leucanthemum vulgare – introduced Matricaria maritima ssp. phaeocephala – native Matricaria perforata – introduced Omalotheca norvegica – native Omalotheca supina – native Senecio vulgaris – introduced Taraxacum sect. Arctica – native Taraxacum sect. Borealia – native Taraxacum sect. Spectabilia – native

Betulaceae Alnus viridis ssp. crispa – native Betula glandulosa – native Betula nana ssp. nana – native Betula pubescens ssp. minor – native

Boraginaceae Asperugo procumbens – introduced Mertensia maritima – native Myosotis arvensis – introduced

Brassicaceae Arabidopsis arenicola – native Arabis alpina – native Barbarea stricta – introduced Barbarea vulgaris – introduced Beringia bursifolia – native Boechera holboellii – native Brassica rapa ssp. sylvestris – introduced Braya humilis ssp. arctica – native Braya intermedia – native Braya linearis – native Braya novae-angliae – native Braya purpurascens – native Braya thorild-wulffii – native Cakile edentula ssp. edentula – native Capsella bursa-pastoris – introduced Cardamine bellidifolia – native Cardamine pratensis ssp. polemonioides – native Cardaminopsis arenosa – introduced Cochlearia groenlandica – native Descurainia sophia – introduced Draba alpina – native Draba arctica ssp. ostenfeldii – native, endemic (subspecies) Draba arctica ssp. arctica – native Draba arctogena – native Draba aurea – native Draba cana – native Draba cinerea – native Draba corymbosa – native Draba crassifolia – native Draba fladnizensis – native Draba glabella – native Draba incana – native Draba micropetala – native Draba nivalis – native Draba norvegica – native Draba oblongata – native Draba oxycarpa – native Draba pauciflora – native Draba sibirica – native Draba subcapitata – native Draba wahlenbergii – native Erysimum redowskii(syn. E. pallasii) – native Eutrema edwardsii – native Lesquerella arctica – native Raphanus raphanistrum – introduced Rorippa islandica ssp. islandica – native Rorippa palustris ssp. palustris – introduced Rorippa sylvestris – introduced Sinapis arvensis – introduced Sisymbrium altissimum – introduced Subularia aquatica ssp. americana – native Thlaspi arvense – introduced

Callitrichaceae Callitriche anceps – native Callitriche hamulata – native Callitriche hermaphroditica – native Callitriche palustris – native

Calochortaceae Streptopus amplexifolius ssp. americanus – native

Campanulaceae Campanula gieseckiana – native Campanula uniflora – native

Caryophyllaceae Arenaria humifusa – native Arenaria pseudofrigida – native Cerastium alpinum ssp. lanatum – native Cerastium alpinum ssp. alpinum – native Cerastium arcticum – native Cerastium arvense – native Cerastium beeringianum – native Cerastium cerastoides – native Cerastium fontanum ssp. vulgare – introduced Cerastium fontanum ssp. fontanum – native Cerastium regelii – native Honckenya peploides ssp. diffusa – native Lychnis alpina ssp. americana – native Minuartia biflora – native Minuartia groenlandica – native Minuartia rossii ssp. rossiii – native Minuartia rubella – native Minuartia stricta – native Sagina cespitosa – native Sagina nivalis – native Sagina nodosa – native Sagina procumbens – native Sagina saginoides – native Silene acaulis – native Silene furcata ssp. angustiflora – native Silene furcata ssp. furcata – native Silene latifolia ssp. alba – introduced Silene sorensenis – native Silene uralensis ssp. uralensis – native Silene vulgaris – introduced Spergula arvensis – introduced Spergularia canadensis – native Stellaria borealis – native Stellaria humifusa – native Stellaria longifolia – native Stellaria longipes – native Stellaria media – introduced

Chenopodiaceae Atriplex longipes ssp. praecox – native Atriplex patula – introduced Chenopodium album – introduced

Cornaceae Cornus canadensis – native Cornus suecica – native Cornus × unalaschkensis – native (hybrid)

Crassulaceae Rhodiola rosea ssp. rosea – native Sedum acre – native Sedum annuum – native Sedum villosum – native

Cupressaceae Juniperus communis ssp. nana – native

Cyperaceae Carex acuta – native Carex aquatilis ssp. aquatilis – native Carex aquatilis ssp. stans – native Carex arctogena – native Carex atrata – native Carex atrofusca – native Carex bicolor – native Carex bigelowii ssp. bigelowii – native Carex bigelowii ssp. rigida – native Carex boecheriana – native Carex brunnescens ssp. brunnescens – native Carex buxbaumii – native Carex capillaris ssp. fuscidula – native Carex capillaris ssp. chlorostachys – native Carex capitata – native Carex chordorrhiza – native Carex curta – native Carex deflexa – native Carex demissa – native Carex disperma – native Carex fuliginosa ssp. misandra – native Carex glacialis – native Carex glareosa – native Carex gynocrates – native Carex holostoma – native Carex krausei ssp. porsildiana – native Carex lachenalii – native Carex lidii – native Carex lyngbyei ssp. lyngbyei – native Carex mackenziei – native Carex macloviana – native Carex magellanica ssp. irrigua – native Carex marina ssp. marina – native Carex marina ssp. pseudolagopina – native Carex maritima – native Carex membranacea Carex microglochin – native Carex miliaris Carex nardina ssp. hepburnii – native Carex nigra ssp. nigra – native Carex norvegica – native Carex panicea – native Carex parallela ssp. parallela – native Carex praticola – native Carex quasivaginata – native Carex rariflora – native Carex rhomalea Carex rostrata – native Carex rufina – native Carex rupestris – native Carex salina – native Carex miliaris – native Carex scirpoidea – native Carex stylosa – native Carex subspathacea ssp. subspathacea – native Carex supina ssp. spaniocarpa – native Carex trisperma – native Carex umbellata – native Carex ursina – native Eleocharis acicularis ssp. acicularis – native Eleocharis palustris – native Eleocharis quinqueflora ssp. fernaldii – native Eleocharis uniglumis – native Eriophorum angustifolium – native Eriophorum callitrix – native Eriophorum scheuchzeri – native Eriophorum × sorenseni – native Eriophorum triste – native Eriophorum vaginatum ssp. spissum – native Kobresia myosuroides – native Kobresia simpliciuscula ssp. subholarctica – native Trichophorum cespitosum – native

Diapensiaceae Diapensia lapponica ssp. lapponica – native

Droseraceae Drosera rotundifolia – native

Dryopteridaceae Dryopteris expansa – native Dryopteris filix-mas – native Dryopteris fragrans – native Dryopteris marginalis – native Polystichum lonchitis – native

Empetraceae Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum – native

Equisetaceae Equisetum arvense ssp. arvense – native Equisetum arvense ssp. boreale – native Equisetum hyemale – native Equisetum scirpoides – native Equisetum sylvaticum – native Equisetum variegatum ssp. variegatum – native

Ericaceae Andromeda polifolia ssp. glaucophylla – native Andromeda polifolia ssp. polifolia – native Arctostaphylos alpinus – native Arctostaphylos uva-ursi – native Cassiope tetragona – native Harrimanella hypnoides – native Ledum groenlandicum – native Ledum palustre ssp. decumbens – native Loiseleuria procumbens – native Orthilia obtusata – native Phyllodoce caerulea – native Pyrola grandiflora – native Pyrola minor – native Rhododendron lapponicum – native Vaccinium myrtillus – native Vaccinium oxycoccos ssp. microphyllus – native Vaccinium uliginosum ssp. microphyllum – native Vaccinium vitis-idaea ssp. minus – native ×Ledodendron vanhoeffeni – native, endemic (intergeneric hybrid)

Fabaceae Astragalus alpinus ssp. arcticus – probably introduced Lathyrus japonicus – native Lathyrus pratensis – introduced Medicago lupulina – introduced Trifolium hybridum – casual Trifolium pratense – introduced Trifolium repens – introduced Vicia cracca – introduced (Norsemen) Vicia hirsuta – introduced Vicia sativa ssp. nigra – introduced Vicia sepium – introduced

Gentianaceae Gentiana nivalis – native Gentianella amarella ssp. acuta – native Gentianella aurea – native Gentianella detonsa – native Gentianella tenella – native Lomatogonium rotatum – native

Geraniaceae Erodium cicutarium – introduced Geranium pusillum – introduced Geranium sylvaticum – native

Haloragaceae Myriophyllum alterniflorum – native Myriophyllum sibiricum – (Haloragaceae) - native

Hippuridaceae Hippuris vulgaris – native

Iridaceae Sisyrinchium montanum – native

Isoetaceae Isoetes echinospora ssp. muricata – native Isoetes lacustris – native

Juncaceae Juncus alpinoarticulatus ssp. alpestris – native Juncus arcticus ssp. arcticus – native Juncus biglumis – native Juncus bufonius ssp. bufonius – introduced Juncus bufonius ssp. ranarius – native Juncus castaneus ssp. castaneus – native Juncus filiformis – native Juncus gerardii ssp. gerardii – native Juncus squarrosus – native Juncus subtilis – native Juncus trifidus – native Juncus triglumis ssp. albescens – native Juncus triglumis ssp. triglumis – native Luzula nivalis – native Luzula arcuata – native Luzula confusa – native Luzula groenlandica – native Luzula multiflora ssp. frigida – native Luzula multiflora ssp. multiflora – native Luzula parviflora ssp. parviflora – native Luzula spicata – native Luzula wahlenbergii – native

Juncaginaceae Triglochin palustris – native

Lamiaceae Lamium amplexicaule – introduced Lamium moluccellifolium – introduced Lamium purpureum – introduced Thymus praecox ssp. arcticus – native

Lentibulariaceae Pinguicula vulgaris – native Utricularia intermedia – native Utricularia minor – native Utricularia ochroleuca – native

Linnaeaceae Linnaea borealis ssp. americana – native

Lycopodiaceae Diphasiastrum alpinum – native Diphasiastrum complanatum – native Diphasiastrum sitchense – nativeFlora of North America Diphasiastrum x zeilleri – native Huperzia arctica – native Huperzia selago – native Lycopodium annotinum ssp. annotinum – native Lycopodium dubium – native Lycopodium lagopus – native

Malaceae Sorbus groenlandica – native

Melanthiaceae Tofieldia coccinea – native Tofieldia pusilla – native

Menyanthaceae Menyanthes trifoliata – native

Myrsinaceae Anagallis arvensis – introduced Trientalis europaea – native

Onagraceae Chamaenerion latifolium – native Epilobium anagallidifolium – native Epilobium angustifolium – native Epilobium davuricum ssp. arcticum – native Epilobium hornemannii – native Epilobium lactiflorum – native Epilobium latifolium – native Epilobium palustre – native

Ophioglossaceae