La Rioja—Logroño until 1982—is one of the 52 constituencies represented in the Congress of Deputies, the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, the . The constituency (whose boundaries correspond to those of the homonymous province) currently elects four deputies. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional voting, with a minimum threshold of three percent.

Electoral system The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Law and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Law provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Congress of Deputies,. with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978.. Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales..

Voting is based on universal suffrage, comprising all Spanish nationals over 18 years of age with full political rights, provided that they have not been deprived of the right to vote by a final sentence.. The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights.; . Amendments in 2011 required non-resident citizens to apply for voting, a system known as "begged" voting ().. which was abolished in 2022. Further, amendments in 2018 granted the right to vote to those legally incapacitated. The Congress of Deputies has a minimum of 300 and a maximum of 400 seats, with electoral provisions fixing its size at 350. Of these, 348 are elected in 50 multi-member constituencies corresponding to the provinces of Spain—each of which is assigned an initial minimum of two seats and the remaining 248 distributed in proportion to population—using the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional voting, with a three percent-threshold of valid votes (including blank ballots) in each constituency. The remaining two seats are allocated to Ceuta and Melilla as single-member districts elected by plurality voting.; ; ; . The use of this electoral method may result in a higher effective threshold depending on district magnitude and vote distribution. The law does not provide for by-elections to fill vacant seats; instead, any vacancies arising after the proclamation of candidates and during the legislative term are filled by the next candidates on the party lists or, when required, by designated substitutes.; .

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance are required to inform the relevant electoral commission within 10 days of the election call—15 before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one permille of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list. Also since 2011, parties, federations or alliances that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.; . Amendments in 2007 required a balanced composition of men and women in the electoral lists, so that candidates of either sex made up at least 40 percent of the total composition; further amendments in 2024 required the use of a zipper system..

Deputies Deputies 1977–present Legislature Election Distribution Constituent 1977 1 2 1 1st 1979 1 3 2nd 1982 2 2 3rd 1986 2 2 4th 1989 2 2 5th 1993 2 2 6th 1996 2 2 7th 2000 1 3 8th 2004 2 2 9th 2008 2 2 10th 2011 1 3 11th 2015 1 1 2 12th 2016 1 1 2 13th 2019 (Apr) 2 1 1 14th 2019 (Nov) 2 2 15th 2023 2 2

General elections 2023 + Summary of the 23 July 2023 Congress of Deputies election results in La Rioja Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 79,715 45.64 +11.41 2 ±0 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 62,322 35.68 +0.83 2 ±0 Vox (Vox) 17,056 9.77 –1.69 0 ±0 Unite (Sumar)1 11,470 6.57 –3.30 0 ±0 Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)2 723 0.41 –0.25 0 ±0 Blank Seats to Leave Empty Seats (EB) 608 0.35 +0.09 0 ±0 Workers' Front (FO) 295 0.17 New 0 ±0 Seniors in Action (3e) 286 0.16 New 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 232 0.13 –0.05 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) 224 0.13 –0.03 0 ±0 Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero) 124 0.07 –0.12 0 ±0 Blank ballots 1,608 0.92 –0.15 Total 174,663 4 ±0 Valid votes 174,663 98.71 +0.27 Invalid votes 2,282 1.29 –0.27 Votes cast / turnout 176,945 70.19 +3.23 Abstentions 75,146 29.81 –3.23 Registered voters 252,091 Sources

November 2019 + Summary of the 10 November 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in La Rioja Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 57,485 34.85 +3.16 2 ±0 People's Party (PP) 56,450 34.23 +7.72 2 +1 Vox (Vox) 18,908 11.46 +2.47 0 ±0 United We Can (Podemos–IU) 16,273 9.87 –1.93 0 ±0 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 11,673 7.08 –10.72 0 –1 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 1,096 0.66 –0.11 0 ±0 Blank Seats (EB) 425 0.26 +0.05 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 307 0.19 +0.04 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 297 0.18 +0.07 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) 263 0.16 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 1,757 1.07 +0.26 Total 164,934 4 ±0 Valid votes 164,934 98.44 –0.19 Invalid votes 2,615 1.56 +0.19 Votes cast / turnout 167,549 66.96 –6.42 Abstentions 82,664 33.04 +6.42 Registered voters 250,213 Sources

April 2019 + Summary of the 28 April 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in La Rioja Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 57,307 31.69 +7.40 2 +1 People's Party (PP) 47,947 26.51 –16.10 1 –1 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 32,181 17.80 +3.82 1 +1 United We Can (Podemos–IU–Equo) 21,331 11.80 –4.83 0 –1 Vox (Vox) 16,255 8.99 +8.78 0 ±0 Riojan Party (PR+) 2,098 1.16 New 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 1,394 0.77 –0.01 0 ±0 Blank Seats (EB) 385 0.21 +0.03 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 275 0.15 –0.03 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 199 0.11 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 1,460 0.81 +0.10 Total 180,832 4 ±0 Valid votes 180,832 98.63 –0.27 Invalid votes 2,512 1.37 +0.27 Votes cast / turnout 183,344 73.38 +2.76 Abstentions 66,495 26.62 –2.76 Registered voters 249,839 Sources

2016 + Summary of the 26 June 2016 Congress of Deputies election results in La Rioja Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 73,708 42.61 +4.27 2 ±0 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 42,010 24.29 +0.60 1 ±0 United We Can (Podemos–IU–Equo)1 28,772 16.63 –3.40 1 ±0 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 24,180 13.98 –1.15 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 1,350 0.78 +0.12 0 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 425 0.25 –0.52 0 ±0 Vox (Vox) 366 0.21 New 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 312 0.18 –0.02 0 ±0 Blank Seats (EB) 304 0.18 –0.02 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 250 0.14 +0.01 0 ±0 Rioja Southern Territory–Navarrese Freedom (HRTS–Ln) 80 0.05 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 1,225 0.71 –0.13 Total 172,982 4 ±0 Valid votes 172,982 98.90 +0.05 Invalid votes 1,931 1.10 –0.05 Votes cast / turnout 174,913 70.62 –1.81 Abstentions 72,757 29.38 +1.81 Registered voters 247,670 Sources

2015 + Summary of the 20 December 2015 Congress of Deputies election results in La Rioja Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 67,941 38.34 –16.36 2 –1 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 41,973 23.69 –7.40 1 ±0 We Can (Podemos) 28,073 15.84 New 1 +1 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 26,812 15.13 New 0 ±0 United Left–Popular Unity in Common (IU–UPeC) 7,423 4.19 –0.21 0 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 1,361 0.77 –5.19 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 1,177 0.66 +0.21 0 ±0 Blank Seats (EB) 362 0.20 –0.36 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 360 0.20 New 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 229 0.13 –0.09 0 ±0 Blank ballots 1,496 0.84 –0.77 Total 177,207 4 ±0 Valid votes 177,207 98.85 +0.43 Invalid votes 2,062 1.15 –0.43 Votes cast / turnout 179,269 72.43 –0.35 Abstentions 68,238 27.57 +0.35 Registered voters 247,507 Sources

2011 + Summary of the 20 November 2011 Congress of Deputies election results in La Rioja Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 95,124 54.70 +5.19 3 +1 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 54,066 31.09 –12.54 1 –1 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 10,367 5.96 +4.68 0 ±0 United Left: Plural Left (IU) 7,995 4.60 +2.66 0 ±0 Equo (Equo) 1,626 0.93 New 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 779 0.45 New 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 686 0.39 +0.27 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 380 0.22 +0.14 0 ±0 Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 94 0.05 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 2,793 1.61 +0.51 Total 173,910 4 ±0 Valid votes 173,910 98.42 –0.88 Invalid votes 2,797 1.58 +0.88 Votes cast / turnout 176,707 72.78 –6.51 Abstentions 66,093 27.22 +6.51 Registered voters 242,800 Sources

2008 + Summary of the 9 March 2008 Congress of Deputies election results in La Rioja Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 93,104 49.51 –0.43 2 ±0 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 82,032 43.63 –0.34 2 ±0 United Left (IU) 3,647 1.94 –0.82 0 ±0 Riojan Party (PR) 2,837 1.51 New 0 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 2,405 1.28 New 0 ±0 The Greens (Verdes) 853 0.45 New 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 221 0.12 New 0 ±0 Social Democratic Party (PSD) 214 0.11 New 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 150 0.08 New 0 ±0 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 102 0.05 New 0 ±0 Family and Life Party (PFyV) 72 0.04 –0.19 0 ±0 National Democracy (DN) 72 0.04 –0.03 0 ±0 Spanish Alternative (AES) 61 0.03 New 0 ±0 Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE de las JONS) 60 0.03 New 0 ±0 Humanist Party (PH) 48 0.03 New 0 ±0 Authentic Phalanx (FA) 39 0.02 New 0 ±0 Spain 2000 (E–2000) 37 0.02 New 0 ±0 Carlist Party (PC) 11 0.01 –0.02 0 ±0 Blank ballots 2,068 1.10 –0.97 Total 188,033 4 ±0 Valid votes 188,033 99.30 +0.08 Invalid votes 1,328 0.70 –0.08 Votes cast / turnout 189,361 79.29 –0.17 Abstentions 49,447 20.71 +0.17 Registered voters 238,808 Sources

2004 + Summary of the 14 March 2004 Congress of Deputies election results in La Rioja Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 92,441 49.94 –4.16 2 –1 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 81,390 43.97 +9.10 2 +1 United Left (IU) 5,115 2.76 –1.26 0 ±0 Citizens for Blank Votes (CenB) 926 0.50 New 0 ±0 Family and Life Party (PFyV) 434 0.23 New 0 ±0 Democratic and Social Centre (CDS) 272 0.15 +0.07 0 ±0 Republican Left (IR) 253 0.14 New 0 ±0 The Phalanx (FE) 154 0.08 +0.02 0 ±0 National Democracy (DN) 123 0.07 New 0 ±0 Republican Social Movement (MSR) 101 0.05 New 0 ±0 Carlist Party (PC) 63 0.03 ±0.00 0 ±0 Blank ballots 3,827 2.07 +0.15 Total 185,099 4 ±0 Valid votes 185,099 99.22 –0.02 Invalid votes 1,446 0.78 +0.02 Votes cast / turnout 186,545 79.46 +5.25 Abstentions 48,231 20.54 –5.25 Registered voters 234,776 Sources

2000