In the history of Portugal, a Miguelist or Miguelite () is a supporter of the legitimacy of the king Miguel I of Portugal and his descendants.
Miguel was regent for his niece Queen Maria II of Portugal, and potential royal consort. However, he claimed the Portuguese throne in his own right on the grounds that the "Fundamental Laws of the Kingdom" deprived his elder brother Pedro IV of his right to reign (and of any right of Pedro's daughter to inherit the kingdom from her father) when Pedro became sovereign of the former Portuguese colony of Brazil and launched war on Portugal to oust Miguel as a usurper.
This overall led to a political crisis, during which many people were killed, imprisoned, persecuted or sent into exile, culminating in the Portuguese Liberal Wars between authoritarian Miguelists (led by Miguel) and progressive Constitutionalists (led by Pedro).
In the end, Miguel was forced from the throne and lived the last 32 years of his life in exile.
Miguelism is based not only on the premise that Miguel and his line have legitimate right to the Portuguese throne, but also on defense of the principles of a monarchy based in Catholic values and in the power of the king above the Constitution, in contrast to the Enlightenment values.
Miguelist Braganzas King Miguel I was exiled following the Convention of Evora-Monte (1834), which put an end to the Liberal Wars. The throne was retaken by his niece, Queen Maria II, and a liberal regime was installed.
In exile, the former king married a wealthy Bavarian princess, Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg. This marriage was the origin of the new Miguelist branch of the Braganzas and their descendants include not only the current claimant to the Portuguese crown, as well as the monarchs of Belgium, Luxembourg, Liechtenstein, and other claimants to former European monarchies (Habsburg, Habsburg-Este, Savoy, Wittelsbach, Bourbon-Parma, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, Karađorđević).
Finally, this Miguelist branch became the sole Braganza representative when King Manuel II of Portugal (the last male Braganza from the senior liberal branch) died without issue, leaving his Miguelist cousin Duarte Nuno as his closest legitimate Portuguese relative. Also Maria Pia of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Braganza, who claimed to be the illegitimate daughter of King Carlos I of Portugal, claimed the right to the titles of Duchess of Braganza and to be the rightful Queen of Portugal.Jean Pailler; Maria Pia of Braganza: The Pretender. New York: ProjectedLetters, 2006.
Miguelist claimants to the throne Claimant Portrait Birth Marriages Death Miguel I1834–1866 26 October 1802, LisbonSon of João VIand Carlota Joaquina of Spain Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg24 September 18517 children 14 November 1866Esselbachaged 64 Miguel, Duke of Braganza1866–1920 19 September 1853, KleinheubachSon of Miguel I and Adelaide of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg Elisabeth of Thurn and Taxis17 October 18773 childrenMaria Theresa of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg8 November 18938 children 11 October 1927Seebensteinaged 74 Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganza1920–1932(Miguelist claimant)1932–1976(Royalist claimant) 23 September 1907, SeebensteinSon of Miguel, Duke of Braganzaand Maria Theresa of Löwenstein-Wertheim-Rosenberg Maria Francisca of Orléans-Braganza15 October 19423 children 24 December 1976Lagoaaged 69 Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza1976–present 15 May 1945BernSon of Duarte Nuno, Duke of Braganzaand Maria Francisca of Orléans-Braganza Isabel de Herédia13 May 19953 children
Genealogical chart On the family tree below, the Miguelist branch is clearly identified on the right-hand side while the Liberal Branch from Maria II is on the left with the Brazilian Imperial branch descending from her brother Pedro II in the middle. In 1942 the Miguelist pretender Duarte Nuno of Braganza married Maria Francisca of Orléans-Braganza, a great-granddaughter of Pedro II of Brazil. The current pretender Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza, is therefore descended from both of the feuding brothers Pedro IV of Portugal and Miguel I of Portugal.
See also Descendants of Miguel I of Portugal Carlism Remexido Legitimists List of movements that dispute the legitimacy of a reigning monarch
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