Álava () is one of the 52 constituencies represented in the Congress of Deputies, the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, the . The constituency (whose boundaries correspond to those of the homonymous province) currently elects four deputies. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional voting, with a minimum threshold of three percent.

Electoral system The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Law and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Law provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Congress of Deputies,. with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978.. Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales..

Voting is based on universal suffrage, comprising all Spanish nationals over 18 years of age with full political rights, provided that they have not been deprived of the right to vote by a final sentence.. The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights.; . Amendments in 2011 required non-resident citizens to apply for voting, a system known as "begged" voting ().. which was abolished in 2022. Further, amendments in 2018 granted the right to vote to those legally incapacitated. The Congress of Deputies has a minimum of 300 and a maximum of 400 seats, with electoral provisions fixing its size at 350. Of these, 348 are elected in 50 multi-member constituencies corresponding to the provinces of Spain—each of which is assigned an initial minimum of two seats and the remaining 248 distributed in proportion to population—using the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional voting, with a three percent-threshold of valid votes (including blank ballots) in each constituency. The remaining two seats are allocated to Ceuta and Melilla as single-member districts elected by plurality voting.; ; ; . The use of this electoral method may result in a higher effective threshold depending on district magnitude and vote distribution. The law does not provide for by-elections to fill vacant seats; instead, any vacancies arising after the proclamation of candidates and during the legislative term are filled by the next candidates on the party lists or, when required, by designated substitutes.; .

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance are required to inform the relevant electoral commission within 10 days of the election call—15 before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one permille of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list. Also since 2011, parties, federations or alliances that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.; . Amendments in 2007 required a balanced composition of men and women in the electoral lists, so that candidates of either sex made up at least 40 percent of the total composition; further amendments in 2024 required the use of a zipper system..

Deputies Deputies 1977–present Legislature Election Distribution Constituent 1977 1 1 2 1st 1979 1 1 2 2nd 1982 2 1 1 3rd 1986 2 1 1 4th 1989 2 1 1 5th 1993 2 1 1 6th 1996 1 1 2 7th 2000 1 1 2 8th 2004 2 1 1 9th 2008 2 1 1 10th 2011 1 1 1 1 11th 2015 1 1 1 1 12th 2016 1 1 1 1 13th 2019 (Apr) 1 1 1 1 14th 2019 (Nov) 1 1 1 1 15th 2023 1 1 1 1

General elections 2023 + Summary of the 23 July 2023 Congress of Deputies election results in Álava Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 46,775 27.66 +5.72 1 ±0 Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu) 32,987 19.51 +3.44 1 ±0 People's Party (PP) 30,212 17.87 +2.94 1 +1 Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 28,075 16.60 –6.97 1 ±0 Unite (Sumar)1 21,561 12.75 –3.75 0 –1 Vox (Vox) 6,573 3.89 +0.13 0 ±0 Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)2 773 0.46 –0.21 0 ±0 Blank Seats to Leave Empty Seats (EB) 619 0.37 New 0 ±0 Workers' Front (FO) 354 0.21 New 0 ±0 Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero) 185 0.11 –0.13 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Workers of the Basque Country (PCTE/ELAK) 165 0.10 –0.03 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 106 0.06 –0.13 0 ±0 Blank ballots 722 0.43 –0.10 Total 169,107 4 ±0 Valid votes 169,107 99.16 –0.06 Invalid votes 1,431 0.84 +0.06 Votes cast / turnout 170,538 65.54 –1.08 Abstentions 89,676 34.46 +1.08 Registered voters 260,214 Sources

November 2019 + Summary of the 10 November 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Álava Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 40,262 23.57 +0.85 1 ±0 Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 37,488 21.94 –0.46 1 ±0 United We Can (Podemos–IU) 28,186 16.50 –1.24 1 ±0 Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu) 27,453 16.07 +2.12 1 ±0 People's Party (PP) 25,506 14.93 +1.18 0 ±0 Vox (Vox) 6,421 3.76 +0.60 0 ±0 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 2,526 1.48 –2.51 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 1,152 0.67 –0.38 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 409 0.24 –0.06 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 326 0.19 ±0.00 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Workers of the Basque Country (PCTE/ELAK) 215 0.13 ±0.00 0 ±0 Blank ballots 911 0.53 –0.08 Total 170,855 4 ±0 Valid votes 170,855 99.22 +0.24 Invalid votes 1,344 0.78 –0.24 Votes cast / turnout 172,199 66.62 –2.89 Abstentions 86,296 33.38 +2.89 Registered voters 258,495 Sources

April 2019 + Summary of the 28 April 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Álava Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 40,300 22.72 +6.79 1 ±0 Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 39,722 22.40 +6.66 1 ±0 United We Can (Podemos–IU–Equo Berdeak) 31,469 17.74 –13.18 1 ±0 Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu) 24,747 13.95 +4.49 1 +1 People's Party (PP) 24,385 13.75 –6.70 0 –1 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 7,082 3.99 –1.00 0 ±0 Vox (Vox) 5,608 3.16 +2.98 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 1,869 1.05 +0.06 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 536 0.30 –0.06 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 338 0.19 New 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Workers of the Basque Country (PCTE/ELAK) 235 0.13 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 1,075 0.61 –0.03 Total 177,366 4 ±0 Valid votes 177,366 98.98 –0.02 Invalid votes 1,820 1.02 +0.02 Votes cast / turnout 179,186 69.51 +3.00 Abstentions 78,611 30.49 –3.00 Registered voters 257,797 Sources

2016 + Summary of the 26 June 2016 Congress of Deputies election results in Álava Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− United We Can (Podemos/Ahal Dugu–IU–Equo)1 51,827 30.92 +0.10 1 ±0 People's Party (PP) 34,276 20.45 +1.65 1 ±0 Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 26,703 15.93 +0.11 1 ±0 Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 26,381 15.74 +1.60 1 ±0 Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu) 15,858 9.46 –2.39 0 ±0 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 8,372 4.99 –0.88 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 1,657 0.99 +0.22 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 599 0.36 +0.05 0 ±0 Vox (Vox) 306 0.18 New 0 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 298 0.18 –0.25 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 211 0.13 +0.03 0 ±0 Navarrese Freedom (Ln) 74 0.04 –0.01 0 ±0 Blank ballots 1,078 0.64 –0.08 Total 167,640 4 ±0 Valid votes 167,640 99.00 –0.03 Invalid votes 1,691 1.00 +0.03 Votes cast / turnout 169,331 66.51 –4.64 Abstentions 85,248 33.49 +4.64 Registered voters 254,579 Sources

2015 + Summary of the 20 December 2015 Congress of Deputies election results in Álava Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− We Can (Podemos/Ahal Dugu) 48,413 27.02 New 1 +1 People's Party (PP) 33,683 18.80 –8.37 1 ±0 Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 28,353 15.82 –3.03 1 ±0 Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 25,331 14.14 –9.29 1 ±0 Basque Country Gather (EH Bildu)1 21,225 11.85 –7.30 0 –1 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 10,512 5.87 New 0 ±0 United Left–Popular Unity in Common (IU–UPeC) 6,814 3.80 –0.28 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 1,385 0.77 +0.07 0 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 768 0.43 –2.32 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 561 0.31 New 0 ±0 Blank Seats (EB/AZ) 473 0.26 New 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 175 0.10 New 0 ±0 Welcome (Ongi Etorri) 110 0.06 New 0 ±0 Navarrese Freedom (Ln) 82 0.05 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 1,292 0.72 –0.42 Total 179,177 4 ±0 Valid votes 179,177 99.03 +0.62 Invalid votes 1,764 0.97 –0.62 Votes cast / turnout 180,941 71.15 +2.49 Abstentions 73,386 28.85 –2.49 Registered voters 254,327 Sources

2011 + Summary of the 20 November 2011 Congress of Deputies election results in Álava Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 46,034 27.17 +0.63 1 ±0 Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 39,698 23.43 –17.30 1 –1 Amaiur (Amaiur)1 32,439 19.15 +14.33 1 +1 Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 31,931 18.85 +1.10 1 ±0 United Left–The Greens: Plural Left (IU–LV) 6,917 4.08 –0.09 0 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 4,662 2.75 +0.73 0 ±0 Equo (Equo) 3,574 2.11 New 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 1,178 0.70 +0.23 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 778 0.46 +0.07 0 ±0 Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 290 0.17 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 1,924 1.14 –0.38 Total 169,425 4 ±0 Valid votes 169,425 98.41 –0.40 Invalid votes 2,729 1.59 +0.40 Votes cast / turnout 172,154 68.66 –0.97 Abstentions 78,589 31.34 +0.97 Registered voters 250,743 Sources

2008 + Summary of the 9 March 2008 Congress of Deputies election results in Álava Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Socialist Party of the Basque Country–Basque Country Left (PSE–EE (PSOE)) 69,479 40.73 +9.94 2 ±0 People's Party (PP) 45,276 26.54 –0.33 1 ±0 Basque Nationalist Party (EAJ/PNV) 31,983 18.75 –7.08 1 ±0 United Left–Greens–Alternative (EB–B) 7,120 4.17 –3.61 0 ±0 Basque Solidarity (EA) 5,311 3.11 –1.19 0 ±0 Aralar (Aralar) 2,917 1.71 –0.16 0 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 2,019 1.18 New 0 ±0 The Greens (B/LV) 1,080 0.63 New 0 ±0 Anti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 805 0.47 New 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 662 0.39 New 0 ±0 Internationalist Socialist Workers' Party (POSI) 327 0.19 New 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain–Basque Communists (PCPE–EK) 254 0.15 New 0 ±0 Engine and Sports Alternative (AMD) 215 0.13 New 0 ±0 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 161 0.09 New 0 ±0 Humanist Party (PH) 159 0.09 –0.47 0 ±0 National Democracy (DN) 63 0.04 –0.02 0 ±0 Carlist Party of the Basque Country–Carlist Party (EKA–PC) 58 0.03 –0.01 0 ±0 Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE de las JONS) 57 0.03 –0.01 0 ±0 Spanish Alternative (AES) 29 0.02 New 0 ±0 National Alliance (AN) 26 0.02 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 2,588 1.52 +0.08 Total 170,589 4 ±0 Valid votes 170,589 98.81 +3.37 Invalid votes 2,055 1.19 –3.37 Votes cast / turnout 172,644 69.63 –7.60 Abstentions 75,286 30.37 +7.60 Registered voters 247,930 Sources

2004