Málaga is one of the 52 constituencies represented in the Congress of Deputies, the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, the . The constituency (whose boundaries correspond to those of the homonymous province) currently elects 11 deputies. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional voting, with a minimum threshold of three percent.

Electoral system The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Law and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Law provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Congress of Deputies,. with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978.. Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales..

Voting is based on universal suffrage, comprising all Spanish nationals over 18 years of age with full political rights, provided that they have not been deprived of the right to vote by a final sentence.. The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights.; . Amendments in 2011 required non-resident citizens to apply for voting, a system known as "begged" voting ().. which was abolished in 2022. Further, amendments in 2018 granted the right to vote to those legally incapacitated. The Congress of Deputies has a minimum of 300 and a maximum of 400 seats, with electoral provisions fixing its size at 350. Of these, 348 are elected in 50 multi-member constituencies corresponding to the provinces of Spain—each of which is assigned an initial minimum of two seats and the remaining 248 distributed in proportion to population—using the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional voting, with a three percent-threshold of valid votes (including blank ballots) in each constituency. The remaining two seats are allocated to Ceuta and Melilla as single-member districts elected by plurality voting.; ; ; . The use of this electoral method may result in a higher effective threshold depending on district magnitude and vote distribution. The law does not provide for by-elections to fill vacant seats; instead, any vacancies arising after the proclamation of candidates and during the legislative term are filled by the next candidates on the party lists or, when required, by designated substitutes.; .

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance are required to inform the relevant electoral commission within 10 days of the election call—15 before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one permille of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list. Also since 2011, parties, federations or alliances that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.; . Amendments in 2007 required a balanced composition of men and women in the electoral lists, so that candidates of either sex made up at least 40 percent of the total composition; further amendments in 2024 required the use of a zipper system..

Deputies Deputies 1977–present Legislature Election Distribution Constituent 1977 1 4 3 1st 1979 1 1 3 3 2nd 1982 6 2 3rd 1986 1 6 2 4th 1989 1 7 2 5th 1993 1 6 3 6th 1996 1 5 4 7th 2000 1 4 5 8th 2004 6 4 9th 2008 5 5 10th 2011 1 3 6 11th 2015 2 3 2 4 12th 2016 2 3 2 4 13th 2019 (Apr) 2 4 2 2 1 14th 2019 (Nov) 1 4 1 3 2 15th 2023 1 3 5 2

General elections 2023 + Summary of the 23 July 2023 Congress of Deputies election results in Málaga Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 302,000 38.31 +16.75 5 +2 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 239,172 30.34 +0.36 3 –1 Vox (Vox) 129,758 16.46 –4.99 2 ±0 Unite Andalusia (Sumar)1 96,652 12.26 –2.52 1 ±0 Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)2 8,487 1.08 –0.39 0 ±0 Workers' Front (FO) 1,662 0.21 New 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 1,519 0.19 +0.027 0 ±0 Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero) 888 0.11 –0.06 0 ±0 Walking Together (CJ) 691 0.09 New 0 ±0 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) n/a n/a –8.85 0 –1 Blank ballots 7,509 0.95 –0.15 Total 788,338 11 ±0 Valid votes 788,338 98.72 +0.04 Invalid votes 10,219 1.28 –0.04 Votes cast / turnout 798,557 64.41 +0.39 Abstentions 441,289 35.59 –0.39 Registered voters 1,239,846 Sources

November 2019 + Summary of the 10 November 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Málaga Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 226,831 29.98 –0.86 4 ±0 People's Party (PP) 163,177 21.56 +3.86 3 +1 Vox (Vox) 162,280 21.45 +7.47 2 +1 United We Can (Podemos–IULV–CA) 97,801 12.92 –1.59 1 –1 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 66,995 8.85 –10.65 1 –1 More Country–Andalusia (Más País–Andalucía) 14,112 1.86 New 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 11,089 1.47 –0.38 0 ±0 Andalusia by Herself (AxSí) 1,686 0.22 +0.02 0 ±0 Spanish Communist Workers' Party (PCOE) 1,265 0.17 New 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 1,261 0.17 –0.05 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 904 0.12 –0.01 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Andalusian People (PCPA) 581 0.08 –0.02 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) 381 0.05 –0.03 0 ±0 Blank ballots 8,358 1.10 +0.21 Total 756,721 11 ±0 Valid votes 756,721 98.68 –0.16 Invalid votes 10,098 1.32 +0.16 Votes cast / turnout 766,819 64.02 –5.32 Abstentions 430,869 35.98 +5.32 Registered voters 1,197,688 Sources

April 2019 + Summary of the 28 April 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Málaga Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 251,908 30.84 +3.80 4 +1 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 159,316 19.50 +3.22 2 ±0 People's Party (PP) 144,562 17.70 –16.67 2 –2 United We Can (Podemos–IULV–CA–Equo) 118,537 14.51 –4.40 2 ±0 Vox (Vox) 114,199 13.98 +13.74 1 +1 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 15,122 1.85 +0.30 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 1,769 0.22 +0.02 0 ±0 Andalusia by Herself (AxSí) 1,655 0.20 New 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 1,046 0.13 New 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Andalusian People (PCPA) 835 0.10 –0.03 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) 631 0.08 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 7,288 0.89 +0.06 Total 816,868 11 ±0 Valid votes 816,868 98.84 –0.20 Invalid votes 9,606 1.16 +0.20 Votes cast / turnout 826,474 69.34 +4.71 Abstentions 365,367 30.66 –4.71 Registered voters 1,191,841 Sources

2016 + Summary of the 26 June 2016 Congress of Deputies election results in Málaga Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 256,033 34.37 +5.43 4 ±0 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 201,444 27.04 +0.14 3 ±0 United We Can for Andalusia (Podemos–IU–Equo)1 140,829 18.91 –5.01 2 ±0 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 121,294 16.28 –0.79 2 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 11,523 1.55 +0.41 0 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 1,832 0.25 –0.33 0 ±0 Vox (Vox) 1,770 0.24 +0.01 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 1,461 0.20 +0.07 0 ±0 We Are Andalusians Party, For Andalusia and the Peoples (AND) 1,121 0.15 New 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 983 0.13 ±0.00 0 ±0 Revolutionary Anticapitalist Left (IZAR) 390 0.05 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 6,178 0.83 +0.09 Total 744,858 11 ±0 Valid votes 744,858 99.04 –0.12 Invalid votes 7,228 0.96 +0.12 Votes cast / turnout 752,086 64.63 –2.87 Abstentions 411,571 35.37 +2.87 Registered voters 1,163,657 Sources

2015 + Summary of the 20 December 2015 Congress of Deputies election results in Málaga Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 224,745 28.94 –20.72 4 –2 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 208,896 26.90 –4.69 3 ±0 We Can (Podemos) 132,980 17.12 New 2 +2 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 132,586 17.07 New 2 +2 United Left/Greens–Assembly for Andalusia–Popular Unity (IULV–CA–UPeC) 52,772 6.80 –2.22 0 –1 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 8,886 1.14 +0.74 0 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 4,522 0.58 –5.03 0 ±0 Vox (Vox) 1,817 0.23 New 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 1,029 0.13 –0.02 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 974 0.13 New 0 ±0 Málaga for Yes (mlgXSÍ) 934 0.12 New 0 ±0 To Solution (Soluciona) 409 0.05 New 0 ±0 Libertarian Party (P–LIB) 290 0.04 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 5,724 0.74 –0.42 Total 776,564 11 +1 Valid votes 776,564 99.16 +0.10 Invalid votes 6,594 0.84 –0.10 Votes cast / turnout 783,158 67.50 +2.38 Abstentions 377,058 32.50 –2.38 Registered voters 1,160,216 Sources

2011 + Summary of the 20 November 2011 Congress of Deputies election results in Málaga Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 357,578 49.66 +6.70 6 +1 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 227,463 31.59 –15.39 3 –2 United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia: Plural Left (IULV–CA) 64,969 9.02 +3.95 1 +1 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 40,407 5.61 +4.65 0 ±0 Andalusian Party (PA)1 7,442 1.03 –0.43 0 ±0 Equo (Equo) 5,369 0.75 New 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 2,903 0.40 +0.23 0 ±0 Blank Seats (EB) 1,996 0.28 New 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 1,108 0.15 +0.06 0 ±0 Citizens' Action for Málaga (ACIMA) 966 0.13 New 0 ±0 Humanist Party (PH) 756 0.10 +0.06 0 ±0 Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 383 0.05 New 0 ±0 Internationalist Solidarity and Self-Management (SAIn) 341 0.05 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 8,350 1.16 +0.11 Total 720,031 10 ±0 Valid votes 720,031 99.06 –0.35 Invalid votes 6,834 0.94 +0.35 Votes cast / turnout 726,865 65.12 –6.23 Abstentions 389,411 34.88 +6.23 Registered voters 1,116,276 Sources

2008 + Summary of the 9 March 2008 Congress of Deputies election results in Málaga Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 359,046 46.98 –2.79 5 –1 People's Party (PP) 328,314 42.96 +6.55 5 +1 United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia–Alternative (IULV–CA) 38,716 5.07 –1.31 0 ±0 Andalusian Coalition (CA)1 11,177 1.46 –3.30 0 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 7,327 0.96 New 0 ±0 The Greens (Verdes) 3,251 0.43 New 0 ±0 Anti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 1,308 0.17 New 0 ±0 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 1,224 0.16 New 0 ±0 Navarrese Cannabis Representation (RCN/NOK) 1,155 0.15 New 0 ±0 Social Democratic Party (PSD) 977 0.13 New 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 702 0.09 +0.09 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 641 0.08 New 0 ±0 National Democracy (DN) 346 0.05 +0.01 0 ±0 Family and Life Party (PFyV) 331 0.04 –0.03 0 ±0 Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE de las JONS) 326 0.04 –0.01 0 ±0 Humanist Party (PH) 318 0.04 –0.06 0 ±0 National Alliance (AN) 272 0.04 New 0 ±0 Spain 2000 (E–2000) 257 0.03 ±0.00 0 ±0 Authentic Phalanx (FA) 208 0.03 ±0.00 0 ±0 Spanish Alternative (AES) 195 0.03 New 0 ±0 Spanish Front (Frente) 177 0.02 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 8,052 1.05 –0.71 Total 764,320 10 ±0 Valid votes 764,320 99.41 –0.05 Invalid votes 4,557 0.59 +0.05 Votes cast / turnout 768,877 71.35 –0.55 Abstentions 308,673 28.65 +0.55 Registered voters 1,077,550 Sources

2004