Robert Thornton may refer to:
Politics Robert Thornton (MP) (1759–1826), British MP Robert Stirton Thornton (1863–1936), Manitoba politician Robert L. Thornton (1880–1964), American businessman, philanthropist, and mayor of Dallas, Texas Robert Y. Thornton (1910–2003), American attorney and politician
Sports Robert Thornton (sailor) (born 1941), Australian sailor Bob Thornton (born 1962), American basketball player Robert Thornton (darts player) (born 1967), Scottish darts player Robert Thornton (jockey) (born 1978), English National Hunt jockey
Other Robert Thornton (scribe) (died 1460), English scribe and compiler of manuscripts Robert John Thornton (1768–1837), English physician and writer on botany Robert Lyster Thornton (1908–1985), English/American physicist Robert Thornton (explorer)
See also Thornton (surname)