León is one of the 52 constituencies represented in the Congress of Deputies, the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, the . The constituency (whose boundaries correspond to those of the homonymous province) currently elects four deputies. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional voting, with a minimum threshold of three percent.

Electoral system The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Law and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Law provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Congress of Deputies,. with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978.. Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales..

Voting is based on universal suffrage, comprising all Spanish nationals over 18 years of age with full political rights, provided that they have not been deprived of the right to vote by a final sentence.. The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights.; . Amendments in 2011 required non-resident citizens to apply for voting, a system known as "begged" voting ().. which was abolished in 2022. Further, amendments in 2018 granted the right to vote to those legally incapacitated. The Congress of Deputies has a minimum of 300 and a maximum of 400 seats, with electoral provisions fixing its size at 350. Of these, 348 are elected in 50 multi-member constituencies corresponding to the provinces of Spain—each of which is assigned an initial minimum of two seats and the remaining 248 distributed in proportion to population—using the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional voting, with a three percent-threshold of valid votes (including blank ballots) in each constituency. The remaining two seats are allocated to Ceuta and Melilla as single-member districts elected by plurality voting.; ; ; . The use of this electoral method may result in a higher effective threshold depending on district magnitude and vote distribution. The law does not provide for by-elections to fill vacant seats; instead, any vacancies arising after the proclamation of candidates and during the legislative term are filled by the next candidates on the party lists or, when required, by designated substitutes.; .

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance are required to inform the relevant electoral commission within 10 days of the election call—15 before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one permille of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list. Also since 2011, parties, federations or alliances that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.; . Amendments in 2007 required a balanced composition of men and women in the electoral lists, so that candidates of either sex made up at least 40 percent of the total composition; further amendments in 2024 required the use of a zipper system..

Deputies Deputies 1977–present Legislature Election Distribution Constituent 1977 1 4 1 1st 1979 2 4 2nd 1982 3 1 2 3rd 1986 3 2 4th 1989 3 2 5th 1993 2 3 6th 1996 2 3 7th 2000 2 3 8th 2004 3 2 9th 2008 3 2 10th 2011 2 3 11th 2015 1 1 1 2 12th 2016 1 1 2 13th 2019 (Apr) 2 1 1 14th 2019 (Nov) 2 1 1 15th 2023 2 2

General elections 2023 + Summary of the 23 July 2023 Congress of Deputies election results in León Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 101,605 36.92 +8.49 2 +1 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 92,578 33.64 +0.18 2 ±0 Vox (Vox) 35,451 12.88 –2.68 0 –1 Leonese People's Union (UPL) 22,675 8.24 +4.59 0 ±0 Unite (Sumar)1 18,577 6.75 –3.71 0 ±0 Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)2 895 0.33 –0.24 0 ±0 Workers' Front (FO) 541 0.20 New 0 ±0 Empty Spain (España Vaciada) 486 0.18 New 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) 319 0.12 –0.02 0 ±0 Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country (PREPAL) 309 0.11 –0.02 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 155 0.06 –0.06 0 ±0 Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero) 72 0.03 –0.04 0 ±0 Blank ballots 1,577 0.57 –0.46 Total 275,240 4 ±0 Valid votes 275,240 99.10 +0.24 Invalid votes 2,486 0.90 –0.24 Votes cast / turnout 277,726 65.67 +4.17 Abstentions 145,191 34.33 –4.17 Registered voters 422,917 Sources

November 2019 + Summary of the 10 November 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in León Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 87,896 33.46 +0.70 2 ±0 People's Party (PP) 74,672 28.43 +4.93 1 ±0 Vox (Vox) 40,884 15.56 +4.02 1 +1 United We Can (Podemos–IU) 27,478 10.46 –1.58 0 ±0 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 16,731 6.37 –11.10 0 –1 Leonese People's Union (UPL) 9,588 3.65 New 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 1,505 0.57 –0.23 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) 379 0.14 ±0.00 0 ±0 Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country (PREPAL) 341 0.13 –0.38 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 317 0.12 –0.02 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group–PCAS–TC (Recortes Cero–GV–PCAS–TC) 178 0.07 –0.03 0 ±0 Blank ballots 2,710 1.03 +0.04 Total 262,679 4 ±0 Valid votes 262,679 98.86 +0.27 Invalid votes 3,032 1.14 –0.27 Votes cast / turnout 265,711 61.50 –6.72 Abstentions 166,362 38.50 +6.72 Registered voters 432,073 Sources

April 2019 + Summary of the 28 April 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in León Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 95,536 32.76 +6.53 2 +1 People's Party (PP) 68,530 23.50 –16.64 1 –1 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 50,945 17.47 +4.70 1 +1 United We Can (Podemos–IU–Equo) 35,103 12.04 –5.58 0 –1 Vox (Vox) 33,653 11.54 +11.32 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 2,338 0.80 +0.02 0 ±0 Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country (PREPAL) 1,476 0.51 +0.41 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 419 0.14 New 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) 402 0.14 New 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group–PCAS–TC (Recortes Cero–GV–PCAS–TC) 299 0.10 –0.05 0 ±0 Blank ballots 2,899 0.99 +0.14 Total 291,600 4 ±0 Valid votes 291,600 98.59 –0.28 Invalid votes 4,178 1.41 +0.28 Votes cast / turnout 295,778 68.22 +3.70 Abstentions 137,797 31.78 –3.70 Registered voters 433,575 Sources

2016 + Summary of the 26 June 2016 Congress of Deputies election results in León Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 112,723 40.14 +4.55 2 ±0 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 73,681 26.23 +0.88 1 ±0 United We Can (Podemos–IU–Equo)1 49,484 17.62 –4.76 1 ±0 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 35,870 12.77 –0.19 0 –1 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 2,184 0.78 +0.15 0 ±0 Leonese People's Union (UPL) 2,094 0.75 New 0 ±0 Vox (Vox) 620 0.22 –0.03 0 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 618 0.22 –0.48 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 430 0.15 –0.01 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 381 0.14 ±0.00 0 ±0 Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country (PREPAL) 277 0.10 –0.22 0 ±0 Alliance of the Democratic Centre (ALCD) 99 0.04 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 2,397 0.85 –0.16 Total 280,858 4 –1 Valid votes 280,858 98.87 +0.02 Invalid votes 3,218 1.13 –0.02 Votes cast / turnout 284,076 64.52 –2.35 Abstentions 156,187 35.48 +2.35 Registered voters 440,263 Sources

2015 + Summary of the 20 December 2015 Congress of Deputies election results in León Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 104,077 35.59 –16.46 2 –1 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 74,128 25.35 –8.82 1 –1 We Can (Podemos) 51,441 17.59 New 1 +1 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 37,902 12.96 New 1 +1 United Left–Popular Unity in Common (IU–UPeC) 13,997 4.79 –0.53 0 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 2,047 0.70 –3.96 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 1,838 0.63 +0.26 0 ±0 Grouped Rural Citizens (CRA) 1,032 0.35 New 0 ±0 Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country (PREPAL) 922 0.32 –0.10 0 ±0 Vox (Vox) 745 0.25 New 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 534 0.18 +0.01 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 482 0.16 New 0 ±0 National Democracy (DN) 313 0.11 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 2,943 1.01 –0.86 Total 292,401 5 ±0 Valid votes 292,401 98.85 +0.40 Invalid votes 3,411 1.15 –0.40 Votes cast / turnout 295,812 66.87 +0.33 Abstentions 146,563 33.13 –0.33 Registered voters 442,375 Sources

2011 + Summary of the 20 November 2011 Congress of Deputies election results in León Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 152,672 52.05 +8.72 3 +1 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 100,210 34.17 –15.92 2 –1 United Left of Castile and León: Plural Left (IUCyL) 15,598 5.32 +3.18 0 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 13,672 4.66 +3.90 0 ±0 Equo (Equo) 2,154 0.73 New 0 ±0 Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country (PREPAL) 1,221 0.42 +0.36 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 1,074 0.37 +0.24 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 565 0.19 +0.13 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 502 0.17 +0.12 0 ±0 Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 152 0.05 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 5,470 1.87 +0.77 Total 293,290 5 ±0 Valid votes 293,290 98.45 –0.97 Invalid votes 4,616 1.55 +0.97 Votes cast / turnout 297,906 66.54 –8.13 Abstentions 149,802 33.46 +8.13 Registered voters 447,708 Sources

2008 + Summary of the 9 March 2008 Congress of Deputies election results in León Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 166,350 50.09 +3.31 3 ±0 People's Party (PP) 143,897 43.33 –1.63 2 ±0 United Left–Alternative (IU) 7,111 2.14 ±0.00 0 ±0 Leonese People's Union (UPL) 4,509 1.36 –2.64 0 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 2,532 0.76 New 0 ±0 The Greens of Europe (LVdE) 534 0.16 New 0 ±0 The Greens–Green Group (LV–GV) 460 0.14 New 0 ±0 Anti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 436 0.13 New 0 ±0 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 401 0.12 New 0 ±0 People of El Bierzo (PB–UB) 385 0.12 New 0 ±0 Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE de las JONS) 305 0.09 +0.04 0 ±0 Social Democratic Party (PSD) 247 0.07 New 0 ±0 Regionalist Party of the Leonese Country (PREPAL) 215 0.06 –0.01 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 197 0.06 New 0 ±0 Citizens for Blank Votes (CenB) 188 0.06 –0.10 0 ±0 National Democracy (DN) 160 0.05 +0.02 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 153 0.05 New 0 ±0 Spanish Front (Frente) 73 0.02 New 0 ±0 Humanist Party (PH) 61 0.02 New 0 ±0 Spanish Alternative (AES) 57 0.02 New 0 ±0 Spain 2000 (E–2000) 47 0.01 New 0 ±0 Centrist Party (PCTR) 43 0.01 New 0 ±0 State of Spain Unionist Party (PUEDE) 40 0.01 New 0 ±0 National Alliance (AN) 39 0.01 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 3,638 1.10 –0.40 Total 332,078 5 ±0 Valid votes 332,078 99.42 –0.06 Invalid votes 1,935 0.58 +0.06 Votes cast / turnout 334,013 74.67 –0.15 Abstentions 113,293 25.33 +0.15 Registered voters 447,306 Sources

2004