Barcelona is one of the 52 constituencies represented in the Congress of Deputies, the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, the . The constituency (whose boundaries correspond to those of the homonymous province) currently elects 32 deputies. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional voting, with a minimum threshold of three percent.

Electoral system The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Law and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Law provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Congress of Deputies,. with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978.. Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales..

Voting is based on universal suffrage, comprising all Spanish nationals over 18 years of age with full political rights, provided that they have not been deprived of the right to vote by a final sentence.. The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights.; . Amendments in 2011 required non-resident citizens to apply for voting, a system known as "begged" voting ().. which was abolished in 2022. Further, amendments in 2018 granted the right to vote to those legally incapacitated. The Congress of Deputies has a minimum of 300 and a maximum of 400 seats, with electoral provisions fixing its size at 350. Of these, 348 are elected in 50 multi-member constituencies corresponding to the provinces of Spain—each of which is assigned an initial minimum of two seats and the remaining 248 distributed in proportion to population—using the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional voting, with a three percent-threshold of valid votes (including blank ballots) in each constituency. The remaining two seats are allocated to Ceuta and Melilla as single-member districts elected by plurality voting.; ; ; . The use of this electoral method may result in a higher effective threshold depending on district magnitude and vote distribution. The law does not provide for by-elections to fill vacant seats; instead, any vacancies arising after the proclamation of candidates and during the legislative term are filled by the next candidates on the party lists or, when required, by designated substitutes.; .

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance are required to inform the relevant electoral commission within 10 days of the election call—15 before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one permille of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list. Also since 2011, parties, federations or alliances that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.; . Amendments in 2007 required a balanced composition of men and women in the electoral lists, so that candidates of either sex made up at least 40 percent of the total composition; further amendments in 2024 required the use of a zipper system..

Deputies Deputies 1977–present Legislature Election Distribution Constituent 1977 7 1 11 6 2 5 1 1st 1979 7 1 12 6 6 1 2nd 1982 1 1 18 8 5 3rd 1986 1 16 1 11 4 4th 1989 3 14 1 11 3 5th 1993 3 1 12 10 6 6th 1996 2 1 13 9 6 7th 2000 1 1 12 9 8 8th 2004 2 4 14 6 5 9th 2008 1 2 16 6 6 10th 2011 3 2 10 9 7 11th 2015 9 5 5 4 4 4 12th 2016 9 5 5 4 4 4 13th 2019 (Apr) 6 8 9 3 4 1 1 14th 2019 (Nov) 2 5 7 8 4 2 2 2 15th 2023 5 4 13 3 5 2

General elections 2023 + Summary of the 23 July 2023 Congress of Deputies election results in Barcelona Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) 952,347 35.70 +13.90 13 +5 Unite–In Common We Can (Sumar–ECP)1 405,993 15.22 –1.66 5 ±0 People's Party (PP) 367,519 13.78 +6.07 5 +3 Republican Left of Catalonia (ERC) 328,697 12.32 –8.82 4 –3 Together for Catalonia (Junts)2 258,159 9.68 n/a 3 ±0 Vox (Vox) 201,775 7.56 +1.25 2 ±0 Popular Unity Candidacy–For Rupture (CUP–PR) 67,266 2.52 –3.60 0 –2 Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)3 28,201 1.06 –0.13 0 ±0 Catalan European Democratic Party–CiU Space (PDeCAT–E–CiU)2 24,452 0.92 n/a 0 –1 Workers' Front (FO) 6,048 0.23 New 0 ±0 Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero) 3,104 0.12 –0.04 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Workers of Catalonia (PCTC) 2,858 0.11 +0.06 0 ±0 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) n/a n/a –5.95 0 –2 Blank ballots 21,059 0.79 +0.09 Total 2,667,478 32 ±0 Valid votes 2,667,478 99.21 –0.29 Invalid votes 21,242 0.79 +0.29 Votes cast / turnout 2,688,720 63.36 –6.68 Abstentions 1,554,780 36.64 +6.68 Registered voters 4,243,500 Sources

November 2019 + Summary of the 10 November 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Barcelona Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) 638,319 21.80 –2.86 8 –1 Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists (ERC–Sobiranistes) 618,909 21.14 –1.83 7 –1 In Common We Can–Let's Win the Change (ECP–Guanyem el Canvi) 452,482 15.45 –0.86 5 –1 Together for Catalonia–Together (JxCat–Junts) 343,931 11.75 +1.59 4 +1 People's Party (PP) 225,645 7.71 +2.71 2 +1 Vox (Vox) 184,715 6.31 +2.72 2 +1 Popular Unity Candidacy–For Rupture (CUP–PR) 179,041 6.12 New 2 +2 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 174,124 5.95 –6.03 2 –2 More Country (Más País) 41,826 1.43 New 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 34,752 1.19 –0.43 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 4,698 0.16 –0.03 0 ±0 Feminist Initiative (IFem) 3,005 0.10 New 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Workers of Catalonia (PCTC) 1,587 0.05 –0.01 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 1,577 0.05 New 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Catalan People (PCPC) 1,509 0.05 –0.03 0 ±0 Left in Positive (IZQP) 1,178 0.04 –0.03 0 ±0 Blank ballots 20,457 0.70 +0.16 Total 2,927,755 32 ±0 Valid votes 2,927,755 99.50 –0.04 Invalid votes 14,599 0.50 +0.04 Votes cast / turnout 2,942,354 70.04 –4.98 Abstentions 1,258,797 29.96 +4.98 Registered voters 4,201,151 Sources

April 2019 + Summary of the 28 April 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Barcelona Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) 769,548 24.66 +7.84 9 +4 Republican Left of Catalonia–Sovereigntists (ERC–Sobiranistes) 716,714 22.97 +6.40 8 +3 In Common We Can–Let's Win the Change (ECP–Guanyem el Canvi) 509,016 16.31 –9.95 6 –3 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 373,820 11.98 +0.44 4 ±0 Together for Catalonia–Together (JxCat–Junts)1 316,904 10.16 –2.09 3 –1 People's Party (PP) 155,935 5.00 –8.53 1 –3 Vox (Vox) 112,019 3.59 New 1 +1 Free People–We Are Alternative–Pirates: Republican Front (Front Republicà) 84,945 2.72 New 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 50,505 1.62 –0.18 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 5,845 0.19 –0.11 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Catalan People (PCPC) 2,555 0.08 –0.04 0 ±0 Left in Positive (IZQP) 2,213 0.07 New 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Workers of Catalonia (PCTC) 1,882 0.06 New 0 ±0 Convergents (CNV) 1,793 0.06 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 16,747 0.54 –0.26 Total 3,120,441 32 +1 Valid votes 3,120,441 99.54 +0.14 Invalid votes 14,440 0.46 –0.14 Votes cast / turnout 3,134,881 75.02 +10.64 Abstentions 1,044,046 24.98 –10.64 Registered voters 4,178,927 Sources

2016 + Summary of the 26 June 2016 Congress of Deputies election results in Barcelona Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− In Common We Can–Let's Win the Change (ECP) 694,315 26.26 –0.62 9 ±0 Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) 444,812 16.82 +0.57 5 ±0 Republican Left–Catalonia Yes (ERC–CatSí) 438,126 16.57 +2.08 5 ±0 People's Party (PP) 357,759 13.53 +2.27 4 ±0 Democratic Convergence of Catalonia (CDC)1 323,824 12.25 –1.00 4 ±0 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 305,075 11.54 –2.00 4 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 47,660 1.80 +0.60 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 8,006 0.30 –0.08 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Catalan People (PCPC) 3,275 0.12 –0.07 0 ±0 Blank ballots 21,081 0.80 +0.17 Total 2,643,933 31 ±0 Valid votes 2,643,933 99.40 –0.08 Invalid votes 15,885 0.60 +0.08 Votes cast / turnout 2,659,818 64.38 –5.22 Abstentions 1,471,501 35.62 +5.22 Registered voters 4,131,319 Sources

2015 + Summary of the 20 December 2015 Congress of Deputies election results in Barcelona Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− In Common We Can (En Comú)1 768,235 26.88 +17.81 9 +6 Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) 464,588 16.25 –11.55 5 –5 Republican Left of Catalonia–Catalonia Yes (ERC–CatSí) 414,163 14.49 +8.01 5 +3 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 387,061 13.54 New 4 +4 Democracy and Freedom (DiL)2 378,723 13.25 –13.90 4 –5 People's Party (PP) 321,980 11.26 –9.67 4 –3 Democratic Union of Catalonia (unio.cat) 48,326 1.69 New 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 34,394 1.20 +0.49 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 10,730 0.38 New 0 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 6,595 0.23 –1.04 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Catalan People (PCPC) 5,493 0.19 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 18,119 0.63 –1.16 Total 2,858,407 31 ±0 Valid votes 2,858,407 99.48 +0.97 Invalid votes 14,976 0.52 –0.97 Votes cast / turnout 2,873,383 69.60 +3.69 Abstentions 1,254,798 30.40 –3.69 Registered voters 4,128,181 Sources

2011 + Summary of the 20 November 2011 Congress of Deputies election results in Barcelona Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Socialists' Party of Catalonia (PSC–PSOE) 727,220 27.80 –18.97 10 –6 Convergence and Union (CiU) 710,178 27.15 +7.57 9 +3 People's Party (PP) 547,376 20.93 +4.12 7 +1 Initiative for Catalonia Greens–United and Alternative Left: Plural L. (ICV–EUiA) 237,327 9.07 +3.51 3 +2 Republican Left of Catalonia–Rally–Catalonia Yes (ERC–RI.cat) 169,601 6.48 –0.11 2 ±0 Platform for Catalonia (PxC) 53,142 2.03 New 0 ±0 Blank Seats (EB) 40,054 1.53 +1.40 0 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 33,111 1.27 +1.08 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 18,638 0.71 +0.42 0 ±0 Pirates of Catalonia (Pirata.cat) 17,393 0.67 New 0 ±0 Anti-capitalists (Anticapitalistas) 11,346 0.43 New 0 ±0 Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 3,341 0.13 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 46,738 1.79 +0.27 Total 2,615,465 31 ±0 Valid votes 2,615,465 98.51 –1.03 Invalid votes 39,462 1.49 +1.03 Votes cast / turnout 2,654,927 65.91 –4.74 Abstentions 1,373,190 34.09 +4.74 Registered voters 4,028,117 Sources

2008