Jaén is one of the 52 constituencies represented in the Congress of Deputies, the lower chamber of the Spanish parliament, the . The constituency (whose boundaries correspond to those of the homonymous province) currently elects five deputies. The electoral system uses the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional voting, with a minimum threshold of three percent.

Electoral system The constituency was created as per the Political Reform Law and was first contested in the 1977 general election. The Law provided for the provinces of Spain to be established as multi-member districts in the Congress of Deputies,. with this regulation being maintained under the Spanish Constitution of 1978.. Additionally, the Constitution requires for any modification of the provincial limits to be approved under an organic law, needing an absolute majority in the Cortes Generales..

Voting is based on universal suffrage, comprising all Spanish nationals over 18 years of age with full political rights, provided that they have not been deprived of the right to vote by a final sentence.. The only exception was in 1977, when this was limited to nationals over 21 years of age and in full enjoyment of their political and civil rights.; . Amendments in 2011 required non-resident citizens to apply for voting, a system known as "begged" voting ().. which was abolished in 2022. Further, amendments in 2018 granted the right to vote to those legally incapacitated. The Congress of Deputies has a minimum of 300 and a maximum of 400 seats, with electoral provisions fixing its size at 350. Of these, 348 are elected in 50 multi-member constituencies corresponding to the provinces of Spain—each of which is assigned an initial minimum of two seats and the remaining 248 distributed in proportion to population—using the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional voting, with a three percent-threshold of valid votes (including blank ballots) in each constituency. The remaining two seats are allocated to Ceuta and Melilla as single-member districts elected by plurality voting.; ; ; . The use of this electoral method may result in a higher effective threshold depending on district magnitude and vote distribution. The law does not provide for by-elections to fill vacant seats; instead, any vacancies arising after the proclamation of candidates and during the legislative term are filled by the next candidates on the party lists or, when required, by designated substitutes.; .

The electoral law allows for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance are required to inform the relevant electoral commission within 10 days of the election call—15 before 1985—whereas groupings of electors need to secure the signature of at least one percent of the electorate in the constituencies for which they seek election—one permille of the electorate, with a compulsory minimum of 500 signatures, until 1985—disallowing electors from signing for more than one list. Also since 2011, parties, federations or alliances that have not obtained a mandate in either chamber of the at the preceding election are required to secure the signature of at least 0.1 percent of electors in the aforementioned constituencies.; . Amendments in 2007 required a balanced composition of men and women in the electoral lists, so that candidates of either sex made up at least 40 percent of the total composition; further amendments in 2024 required the use of a zipper system..

Deputies Deputies 1977–present Legislature Election Distribution Constituent 1977 4 3 1st 1979 1 3 3 2nd 1982 5 2 3rd 1986 4 2 4th 1989 4 2 5th 1993 4 2 6th 1996 3 3 7th 2000 3 3 8th 2004 4 2 9th 2008 4 2 10th 2011 3 3 11th 2015 3 2 12th 2016 1 2 2 13th 2019 (Apr) 3 1 1 14th 2019 (Nov) 3 1 1 15th 2023 2 2 1

General elections 2023 + Summary of the 23 July 2023 Congress of Deputies election results in Jaén Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 137,617 37.32 +14.85 2 +1 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 133,819 36.29 –2.53 2 –1 Vox (Vox) 54,400 14.75 –4.96 1 ±0 Unite Andalusia (Sumar)1 29,461 7.99 –1.86 0 ±0 Jaén Deserves More (JM+) 8,293 2.25 New 0 ±0 Animalist Party with the Environment (PACMA)2 1,671 0.45 –0.31 0 ±0 Workers' Front (FO) 410 0.11 New 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 360 0.10 –0.01 0 ±0 Zero Cuts (Recortes Cero) 203 0.06 –0.07 0 ±0 Blank ballots 2,497 0.68 –0.24 Total 368,731 5 ±0 Valid votes 368,731 98.68 +0.28 Invalid votes 4,926 1.32 –0.28 Votes cast / turnout 373,657 72.08 +1.63 Abstentions 144,714 27.92 –1.63 Registered voters 518,371 Sources

November 2019 + Summary of the 10 November 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Jaén Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 141,737 38.82 –0.71 3 ±0 People's Party (PP) 82,055 22.47 +2.86 1 ±0 Vox (Vox) 71,950 19.71 +7.58 1 +1 United We Can (Podemos–IULV–CA) 35,962 9.85 –0.72 0 ±0 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 24,816 6.80 –9.07 0 –1 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 2,766 0.76 –0.11 0 ±0 Andalusia by Herself (AxSí) 856 0.23 +0.09 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Workers of Spain (PCTE) 471 0.13 New 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 464 0.13 +0.03 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 419 0.11 +0.03 0 ±0 Andalusian Solidary Independent Republican Party (RISA) 249 0.07 +0.02 0 ±0 Blank ballots 3,361 0.92 +0.27 Total 365,106 5 ±0 Valid votes 365,106 98.40 –0.28 Invalid votes 5,937 1.60 +0.28 Votes cast / turnout 371,043 70.45 –3.96 Abstentions 155,616 29.55 +3.96 Registered voters 526,659 Sources

April 2019 + Summary of the 28 April 2019 Congress of Deputies election results in Jaén Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 152,932 39.53 +2.14 3 +1 People's Party (PP) 75,885 19.61 –15.79 1 –1 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (Cs) 61,413 15.87 +5.38 1 +1 Vox (Vox) 46,934 12.13 +11.96 0 ±0 United We Can (Podemos–IULV–CA–Equo) 40,880 10.57 –3.79 0 –1 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 3,369 0.87 ±0.00 0 ±0 United Linares Independent Citizens (CILU–Linares) 1,081 0.28 New 0 ±0 Andalusia by Herself (AxSí) 545 0.14 New 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Andalusian People (PCPA) 437 0.11 –0.02 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 401 0.10 –0.02 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 325 0.08 New 0 ±0 Andalusian Solidary Independent Republican Party (RISA) 190 0.05 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 2,524 0.65 –0.04 Total 386,916 5 ±0 Valid votes 386,916 98.68 –0.17 Invalid votes 5,169 1.32 +0.17 Votes cast / turnout 392,085 74.41 +3.93 Abstentions 134,826 25.59 –3.93 Registered voters 526,911 Sources

2016 + Summary of the 26 June 2016 Congress of Deputies election results in Jaén Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 138,612 37.39 –0.94 2 –1 People's Party (PP) 131,234 35.40 +3.92 2 ±0 United We Can for Andalusia (Podemos–IU–Equo)1 53,239 14.36 –2.52 1 +1 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 38,884 10.49 –0.19 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 3,238 0.87 +0.21 0 ±0 United Free Citizens (CILUS) 830 0.22 –0.09 0 ±0 Vox (Vox) 638 0.17 –0.01 0 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 589 0.16 –0.17 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 498 0.13 +0.01 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 455 0.12 +0.02 0 ±0 Blank ballots 2,545 0.69 –0.01 Total 370,762 5 ±0 Valid votes 370,762 98.85 –0.16 Invalid votes 4,320 1.15 +0.16 Votes cast / turnout 375,082 70.48 –2.85 Abstentions 157,129 29.52 +2.85 Registered voters 532,211 Sources

2015 + Summary of the 20 December 2015 Congress of Deputies election results in Jaén Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 148,511 38.33 –2.65 3 ±0 People's Party (PP) 121,984 31.48 –13.96 2 –1 We Can (Podemos) 48,640 12.55 New 0 ±0 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 41,398 10.68 New 0 ±0 United Left/Greens–Assembly for Andalusia–Popular Unity (IULV–CA–UPeC) 16,771 4.33 –2.62 0 ±0 Animalist Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 2,543 0.66 New 0 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 1,287 0.33 –3.07 0 ±0 United Free Citizens (CILUS) 1,189 0.31 New 0 ±0 Vox (Vox) 715 0.18 New 0 ±0 Andalusians of Jaén United (AJU) 711 0.18 New 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 469 0.12 New 0 ±0 Zero Cuts–Green Group (Recortes Cero–GV) 371 0.10 New 0 ±0 Internationalist Solidarity and Self-Management (SAIn) 198 0.05 –0.06 0 ±0 Blank ballots 2,713 0.70 –0.32 Total 387,500 5 –1 Valid votes 387,500 99.01 +0.02 Invalid votes 3,886 0.99 –0.02 Votes cast / turnout 391,386 73.33 –2.56 Abstentions 142,362 26.67 +2.56 Registered voters 533,748 Sources

2011 + Summary of the 20 November 2011 Congress of Deputies election results in Jaén Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− People's Party (PP) 183,339 45.44 +8.94 3 +1 Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 165,348 40.98 –14.50 3 –1 United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia: Plural Left (IULV–CA) 28,059 6.95 +2.16 0 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 13,727 3.40 +2.93 0 ±0 Andalusian Party (PA)1 4,920 1.22 +0.10 0 ±0 Equo (Equo) 2,149 0.53 New 0 ±0 Regionalist Party for Eastern Andalusia (PRAO) 911 0.23 New 0 ±0 Internationalist Solidarity and Self-Management (SAIn) 454 0.11 +0.04 0 ±0 Communist Unification of Spain (UCE) 412 0.10 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 4,124 1.02 +0.24 Total 403,443 6 ±0 Valid votes 403,443 98.99 –0.45 Invalid votes 4,130 1.01 +0.45 Votes cast / turnout 407,573 75.89 –2.72 Abstentions 129,463 24.11 +2.72 Registered voters 537,036 Sources

2008 + Summary of the 9 March 2008 Congress of Deputies election results in Jaén Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % ±pp Total +/− Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE) 230,026 55.48 +1.07 4 ±0 People's Party (PP) 151,340 36.50 +2.39 2 ±0 United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia–Alternative (IULV–CA) 19,859 4.79 –1.04 0 ±0 Andalusian Coalition (CA)1 4,637 1.12 –2.82 0 ±0 Union, Progress and Democracy (UPyD) 1,958 0.47 New 0 ±0 The Greens (Verdes) 647 0.16 New 0 ±0 Social Democratic Party (PSD) 458 0.11 New 0 ±0 Anti-Bullfighting Party Against Mistreatment of Animals (PACMA) 413 0.10 New 0 ±0 Communist Party of the Peoples of Spain (PCPE) 368 0.09 +0.09 0 ±0 Internationalist Solidarity and Self-Management (SAIn) 291 0.07 New 0 ±0 Citizens for Blank Votes (CenB) 246 0.06 –0.03 0 ±0 Citizens–Party of the Citizenry (C's) 201 0.05 New 0 ±0 For a Fairer World (PUM+J) 200 0.05 New 0 ±0 Spanish Phalanx of the CNSO (FE de las JONS) 182 0.04 +0.01 0 ±0 National Democracy (DN) 137 0.03 ±0.00 0 ±0 Humanist Party (PH) 124 0.03 –0.09 0 ±0 Family and Life Party (PFyV) 107 0.03 –0.02 0 ±0 Spain 2000 (E–2000) 106 0.03 ±0.00 0 ±0 Spanish Alternative (AES) 83 0.02 New 0 ±0 Blank ballots 3,223 0.78 –0.40 Total 414,606 6 ±0 Valid votes 414,606 99.44 +0.08 Invalid votes 2,319 0.56 –0.08 Votes cast / turnout 416,925 78.61 –1.79 Abstentions 113,417 21.39 +1.79 Registered voters 530,342 Sources

2004