__NOTOC__
This is a timeline of Spanish history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Spain and its predecessor states. To read about the background to these events, see History of Spain. The Visigothic Kingdom: First Attempt at Peninsular Unity (472–710) Moorish Spain/Christian Spain: Resistance to the Reconquest of Spain (710–1492) House of Habsburg: The Spanish Empire (1516–1700) House of Bourbon: Centralism (1700–1808) Dissolution of the Old Regime and the Napoleonic Invasion (1808–1814) Liberal reaction and Revolution (1814–1833) Regency and reign of Isabella II (1833–1868) Revolutionary Six Years (1868–1874) Restoration (1875–1923) Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera and the fall of the Monarchy (1923–1931) Second Republic and Spanish Civil War (1931–1939) General Franco's regime (1939–1975) Democratic transition and Constitutional Monarchy (1975–present)
Centuries: 5th6th 7th8th9th10th11th12th13th14th15th16th17th18th19th20th21st
5th century Year Date Event Map407AutumnResistance of Honorius cousins in Spain. Constantine III sends his son Constans II with an army.408Summer Gerontius, Roman general (magister militum) ends the revolt in Hispain.409 Spring Gerontius, who had been a partisan of Constantine III, revolts in Hispania. He elevates Maximus, his domesticus, as emperor.13 October The Vandals, led by King Gunderic, cross the Pyrenees into the Iberian Peninsula. They receive land from the Romans, as foederati, in Baetica (Southern Spain). The Alans occupy lands in Lusitania and the Suebi control parts of Gallaecia.410SpringGerontius successfully defended himself against Constans II. 411The Alans establish their rule in the Roman province of Lusitania (Portugal south of the Duero River and Spain). 416Wallia is campaigning against the Vandals and Alans on behalf of Emperor Honorius.418Emperor Honorius bribes Wallia, king of the Visigoths, into regaining Hispania for the Roman Empire. His victory over the Vandals forces them to retire to Baetica.420Comes Asterius conducts campaign in Gallaecia and ends the usurpation of Maximus. A Roman army under command of vicar Maurocellus suffers a defeat at Braga in Gallaecia.422Vandal war: The Roman commander-in-chief Castinus leads a defeat against the Vandals at Baetica. 429 Spring The Vandals including Alans, led by Genseric ("Caesar King"), cross the narrow Strait of Gibraltar with their families from the Iberian Peninsula. 439 Rechila conquers the city Mérida. 441 Rechila invades Baetica and conquers the capital Seville 456 the Gothic king Theoderic II starts a war commissioned by the West Roman emperor Avitus.Wijnendaele (2013), p. 188460 The fleet Emperor Majorian assembles in Nova Carthago (Cartagena) in preparation for an invasion of the Vandal Kingdom in Africa becomes destroyed by the Vandal king Geiseric. 464 The Suevic nation in Galicia (Northern Spain) is unified under King Remismund.473 The Gothic king Euric orders his army to conquer the province of Tarragonenses. 475 Spring The comes Hispaniarum Vincentius capitulates against the Aquitanian Goths. The Goths complete their conquest of Spain.
6th century Year Date Event Map 507 The Franks attacked allied with the Burgundians to the Visigothic Kingdom of Toulouse. Alaric II was killed at the Battle of Vouillé, and Toulouse was sacked. The Visigoths had lost most of their Gallic holdings and are retreated to Hispania and Septimania, helped by Ostrogoths. Kingdom of Toulouse ended and The Arian Kingdom of Hispania began. Barcelona was the new capital of the Visigoths.Following the death of Amalaric (531). See: From this moment, little by little, Visigothic Hispania will be the first effective realisation of an independent Kingdom or State of wholly Hispanic territories and scope.www.casareal.es "The Monarchy through the History of Spain" 552 Byzantine Empire conquered part of the south of the Visigothic kingdom. 567 Toledo. Capital of the Visigothic kingdom by the end of the reign of Athanagild.Capital of the Visigothic kingdom by the end of the reign of Athanagild (died 567). 568 Liuvigild began his reign. He is among the greatest Visigothic kings of the Arian period because he consolidated Visigothic power in Spain. He is known for his Code of Leovigild, a law that allowed equal rights between the Visigothic and Hispano-Roman populations, and for expanding the territory of the Visigothic Kingdom. Since Leovigild, the Visigoth kings minted their own Tremissis coin. 585 Liuvigild conquered the Suebic Kingdom. 589 8 May The Third Council of Toledo marks the entry of Visigothic Spain into the Catholic Church, after Reccared I converted in 587. The Catholic Kingdom of Toledo began.
7th century Year Date Event Map624 Swinthila reconquered the south of Byzantine Hispania. "History of the Kings of the Goths" is written by Isidore of Seville. In the prologue, "Laus Spaniae" (Praises to Spain), introduces the phrase mater Spania (mother Spain) and defends the Gothic identity of a unified Spain. 625 The entire Hispania and Septimania is under the Visigothic Kingdom. Swinthila defeated the Basques. 654 Recceswinth was responsible for the promulgation of a law code, Liber Iudiciorum. The new laws applied to both Gothic and Hispano-Roman populations.
8th century Year Date Event Map 711 July The Battle of Guadalete was the first major battle of the Umayyad conquest of Hispania. Roderic, the last Visigoth king in Hispania under the rule from Toledo, died in the battle. 718 The Visigothic nobleman Pelagius of Asturias rebelled against the Umayyad Caliphate. 722 Summer Battle of Covadonga: Forces loyal to Pelagius decimated an Umayyad army sent to reconquer them in a valley in the Picos de Europa. Pelagius was elected princeps of the independent Kingdom of Asturias with his capital at Cangas de Onís. 737 Pelagius died. He was succeeded as princeps by his son Favila of Asturias. 739 Favila was killed by a bear while hunting. He was succeeded by his brother-in-law Alfonso I the Catholic of Asturias, the son of Peter of Cantabria, the duke of Cantabria. 740 Asturias conquered and annexed Galicia. 757 Alfonso the Catholic died. He was succeeded as king by his son Fruela I the Cruel of Asturias. 768 14 January Fruela was assassinated. Fruela's cousin Aurelius of Asturias was crowned king of Asturias. 774 Aurelius died. He was succeeded by his cousin-in-law, Silo of Asturias, husband of Alfonso the Catholic's daughter Adosinda. Silo established his capital at Pravia. 783 Silo died. Adosinda engineered the election of her nephew Alfonso II the Chaste of Asturias, son of Fruela, as king of Asturias. A coalition of nobles elected Alfonso the Catholic's illegitimate son Mauregatus of Asturias king of Asturias. Alfonso the Chaste fled to Álava. 789 Mauregatus died. Aurelius's brother Bermudo I the Deacon, the Monk of Asturias was elected king of Asturias. 791 Battle of the Burbia River: An Asturian force attacked a Cordoban army near Villafranca del Bierzo on its return to Córdoba and was defeated. Bermudo abdicated the throne. 14 September Alfonso the Chaste was crowned king of Asturias in Oviedo, Spain. Alfonso the Chaste established his capital at Oviedo. 794 Battle of Lutos: A Cordoban army returning from a scorched earth campaign in modern Álava was wiped out by an Asturian force. 795 18 September Battle of Las Babias: Córdoba attacked and routed an Asturian force near Astorga, Spain.
9th century Year Date Event Map 816 Battle of Pancorbo (816): Córdoba slaughtered a Basque-Asturian force defending the Basque homeland in the Pyrenees at Pancorbo. 824 Battle of Roncevaux Pass (824): A combined force of Basques and the Banu Qasi, both vassals of the emirate of Córdoba, defeated a Carolingian military expedition in the Roncevaux Pass. The Basque chieftain Íñigo Arista of Pamplona was crowned king of Navarre at Pamplona. 842 Alfonso the Chaste died. The Asturian nobility elected Nepotian of Asturias, a relative of Alfonso the Chaste, king. Battle of the Bridge of Cornellana: Forces loyal to Bermudo's son Ramiro I of Asturias defeated Nepotian in modern Salas, Asturias. 850 1 February Ramiro died. He was buried in the Pantheon of Asturian Kings in Oviedo. His son Ordoño I of Asturias succeeded him as king. 851 Battle of Albelda (851): Ordoño suppressed a Basque revolt in northeastern Asturias and expelled an opportunistic Cordoban invasion near Albelda. Íñigo died. He was succeeded as king of Navarre by his son García Íñiguez of Pamplona. 852 Battle of Guadalacete: Asturian and Pamplonan forces arriving in support of a revolt of the people of Toledo, Spain were routed by a Cordoban army. 859 Vikings captured García and extorted a ransom of some seventy thousand gold dinars from Navarre for his return. 860 Cordoban forces captured García's son and heir Fortún Garcés the One-Eyed, the Monk of Pamplona in Milagro, Navarre. 862 An eastern march of Asturias was created the county of Castile under count Rodrigo of Castile. 865 9 August Battle of the Morcuera: Córdoba attacked Asturias, forcing the retreat of Asturian forces and their Castilian allies along the valley of the Ebro. 866 27 May Ordoño died. He was succeeded by his eldest son Alfonso III the Great of Asturias. Fruela seized the throne of Asturias and forced Alfonso the Great to flee to Castile. Fruela was assassinated in Oviedo. 868 Asturias conquered Porto. Vímara Peres was created count of Portugal. 870 García died. García Jiménez of Pamplona took power as regent, García's son and heir Fortún Garcés remaining in captivity in Córdoba. 873 5 November Rodrigo died. He was succeeded as count of Castile by his son Diego Rodríguez Porcelos. 878 Asturias conquered Coimbra. 882 First Battle of Cellorigo: Vela Jiménez, count of the Asturian county of Álava, repelled an attempted conquest by the Emirate of Córdoba of an important mountain pass at Cellorigo. Fortún Garcés was returned to rule in Navarre. 883 Second Battle of Cellorigo: Vela Jiménez repelled an attempted conquest by the Emirate of Córdoba of an important mountain pass at Cellorigo. 885 31 January Rodríguez died.
10th century