Diocese of Tournai

The Diocese of Tournai () is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Belgium. The diocese was formed in 1146, upon the dissolution of the Diocese of Noyon and Tournai, which had existed since the 7th century. It is now suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Mechelen–Brussels. The cathedra is found within the Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Tournai, which has been classified both as a major site for Wallonia's heritage since 1936 - n° 57081-CLT-0002-01 - 5 February 1936 and as a World Heritage Site since 2000.

History As early as the second half of the 3rd century St. Piat evangelized Tournai; some sources name him as the first bishop, but this remains unsubstantiated. At the end of the 3rd century Emperor Maximian rekindled persecutions, and St. Piat was martyred as a result.Warichez, Joseph. "Tournai." The Catholic Encyclopedia Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 7 September 2019

Barbarian invasions began shortly afterwards. These lasted from the end of the 3rd century till the end of the 5th century. St. Remigius used the good-will of the Frankish monarchy to organize the Catholic hierarchy in the North of Gaul. He confided the Diocese of Arras and Cambrai to St. Vaast (Vedastus), and founded the See of Tournai (c. 500), appointing as its titular Eleutherius.

It was probably its status of royal city which secured Tournai's early rise, only to lose its position as capital upon the departure of the Merovingian court. Nevertheless, it maintained its own bishops for nearly a century. Then, at about 626 or 627, under the episcopate of St. Achar, the sees of Tournai and Noyon were reunited, retaining however their separate structures. Tournai lost its privileges and was relegated to level of the neighbouring dioceses, such as Boulogne and Therouanne, Arras and Cambrai. The same ordinary held both sees for five hundred years. It was only in 1146 that Tournai received its own bishop.

Notable bishops are: St. Eleutherius (beginning of 6th century); St. Achar (626/27 – 1 March 637/38); St. Eloi (641–660); Simon de Vermandois (1121–1146); Walter de Marvis (1219–1251), the great founder of schools and hospitals; Etienne of Tournai (1192–1203), godfather of Louis VII of France and minister to the queen; Andrea Chini Malpiglia (1334–42), cardinal and papal legate; Guillaume Fillastre (1460–1473), chancellor of the Golden Fleece; Michel de Warenghien (1283–1291), a very erudite doctor; Michel d'Esne (1597–1614), the author of several works. Raphael de Mercatellis (1487–1507), illegitimate son of Philip the Good and noted bibliophile, was auxiliary bishop of Tournai.

During Spanish rule (1521–1667) the see continued to be occupied by natives of the country, but the seize of Tournai by Louis XIV in 1667 caused it to have a number of Frenchmen for bishop: Gilbert de choiseul duplessis praslin (1670–1689); François de La Salle de Caillebot (1692–1705); Louis Marcel de Coëtlogon (1705–1707); François de Beauveau (1708–1713). After the Treaty of Utrecht (1713) the French were replaced by Germans: Johann Ernst, Count of Löwenstein-Wertheim (1713–1731); Franz Ernst, Count of Salm-Reifferscheid (1731–1770); Wilhelm Florentine, Prince of Salm-Salm (1776–1794).

The reunion of the see with Noyon and the ensuing removal of the seat of the bishopric bolstered the chapter. The chapter's requirement to appoint only nobility and scholars, as set forth by the old régime, tended to attract the highly born and educated. Illustrious French and Belgian names are inscribed in the archive's registers and on the cathedral's tombstones. The cathedral, long by wide, is surmounted by 5 towers high. The nave and transept are Romanesque (12th century), while the choir is primary Gothic, begun in 1242 and completed in 1325.

Originally, the borders of the diocese arguably were those of the Civitas Turnacensium, as mentioned in the "Notice des Gaules". The prescriptions of councils and the interest of the Church both favoured such borders, and they were retained throughout the Middle Ages. The diocese then further extended along the left bank of the river Schelde, from the river Scarpe to the North Sea, with the exception of the Vier-Ambachten (Hulst, Axel, Bouchaute, and Assenede), which are said to have always belonged to the Diocese of Utrecht. The Schelde thus formed the natural border between the Dioceses of Tournai and Cambrai, cutting through the towns of Termonde, Ghent, Oudenarde, and Tournai itself. The North Sea seaboard between the Schelde and the Yser was wholly part of this perimeter. On the far side of the Yser resided the Diocese of Thérouanne, which bordered Tournai as far as Ypres. There began the Diocese of Arras, which bordered Tournai as far as the confluence of the Scarpe and the Schelde at Mortgne, France. This vast diocese was for a long time divided into three archdeaneries and twelve deaneries. The archdeanery of Bruges comprised the deaneries of Bruges, Ardenbourg, and Oudenbourg; the archdeanery of Ghent, the deaneries of Ghent, Roulers, Oudenarde, and Waes; the archdeanery of Tournai, the deaneries of Tournai, Seclin, Helchin, Lille, and Courtrai.

In 1559, to support the war against Protestantism, King Philip II of Spain obtained from Paul IV the foundation of a series of new dioceses. The ancient Diocese of Tournai was split up, with nearly two-thirds of its territory being cut away. The outlines of the archdeaneries of Bruges and Ghent formed the new diocese of Bruges and diocese of Ghent, and six parishes passed to the new diocese of Ypres. This situation lasted until the beginning of the 19th century. The French Revolution created the Department of Jemappes, which in 1815 became the Province of Hainaut, whose borders coincided with those of the Diocese of Tournai, after a concordat between the plenipotentiaries of Pius VI and the consular government of the republic. The Bishop of Tournai retained only two scores of the parishes formerly under his jurisdiction, but received on the right bank of the Schelde a number of parishes which, prior to the Revolution, had belonged to the Diocese of Cambrai (302), Namur (50), and Liège (50).

Bishops

To 1146 540 : St. Eleutherius of Tournai (Eleuthere) c. 549 and 552 : Agrecius 545 : Medardus Then jointly with Noyon c. 626–c. 638 : Acarius 641–660 : Eligius c. 661–c. 686 : Mummolenus Gondoin c. 700 : Antgaire c. 715 : Chrasmar c. 721 : Garoul c. 723 : Framenger c. 730 : Hunuan c. 740 : Gui et Eunuce c. 748 : Elisée c. 756/765 : Adelfred ? : Didon 769–c. 782 : Giselbert c. 798/799 : Pleon c. 815 : Wendelmarus c. 830/838 : Ronegaire c. 830/838 : Fichard 840–860 : Immon 860–879 : Rainelme 880–902 : Heidilon 909 : Rambert 915–932 : Airard †936 : Walbert 937–950 : Transmar, Transmarus 950–954 : Rudolf 954–955 : Fulcher 955–977 : Hadulphe 977–988 : Liudolf of Vermandois 989–997 : Radbod I 1000–1030 : Hardouin 1030–1044 : Hugo 1044–1068 : Balduin 1068–1098 : Radbod II 1099–1112 : Baldric of Noyon 1114–1123 : Lambert 1123–1146 : Simon of Vermandois Diocese split

1146 to 1500; bishops of Tournai 1146–1149 : Anselm 1149–1166 : Gerard 1166–1171 : Walter 1173–1190 : Everard 1193–1203 : Stephen of Tournai 1203–1218 : Gossuin 1219–1251 : Walter of Marvis 1252–1261 : Walter of Croix 1261–1266 : Johann I. Buchiau 1267–1274 : John of Enghien 1275–1282 : Philipp Mus 1283–1291 : Michael von Warenghien 1292–1300 : Johann III. von Vassogne 1301–1324 : Guy of Boulogne 1324–1326 : Elie de Ventadour 1326–1333 : Guillaume de Ventadour 1333 : Theobald of Saussoire 1334–1342 : André Ghini 1342–1349 : Jean IV. des Prés 1349–1350 : Pierre de Forest (also Bishop of Paris) 1351–1377 : Pierre d'Arbois 1379–1388 : Pierre d'Auxy 1380–1384 : Jean de West 1388–1410 : Louis de la Trémouille 1410–1433 : Jean de Thoisy 1433–1437 : Jean d'Harcourt 1437–1460 : Jean Chevrot 1460–1473 : Guillaume Fillastre 1474–1483 : Ferry de Clugny 1483–1505 : Schism

1500 to 1800 1505–1513 : Charles de Hautbois 1514–1518 : Thomas Wolsey 1519–1524 : Louis Guillard, bishop-elect from 1513 but displaced by Wolsey until 1519In a sequence of events complicated by the English capture of Tournai in 1514, the young Guillard, although nominated to the see in 1513, was replaced by Wolsey. An Anglo-French treaty of 1519 resolved the matter. Peter G. Bietenholz, Thomas Brian Deutscher, Contemporaries of Erasmus (2003), pp. 151–2. 1524–1564 : Charles de Croÿ 1564–1574 : Gilbert d'Oignies 1574–1580 : Pierre Pintaflour 1583–1586 : Maximilien Morillon 1586–1592 : Jean Vendeville (Jean Venduille) 1592–1597 : Vacant 1597–1614 : Michel D'Esne 1614–1644 : Maximilien Villain 1644–1660 : François Villain 1660–1689 : Gilbert de Choiseul du Plessis-Praslin 1689–1705 : François de Caillebot de La Salle 1705–1707 : Louis-Marcel de Coëtlogon-Méjusseaume 1707–1713 : René de Beauveau (then Bishop of Toulouse) 1713–1731 : Johann Ernst von Löwenstein-Wertheim 1731–1770 : Franz Ernst von Salm-Reifferscheid 1770–1776 : Vacant 1776–1793 : Wilhelm Florentin von Salm-Salm (then Archbishop of Prague) 1793–1802 : Vacant

From 1800 1802–1819 : François-Joseph Hirn 1819–1829 : Vacant 1829–1834 : Jean Joseph Delplancq 1835–1872 : Gaspard-Joseph Labis 1873–1880 : Edmond Dumont :fr:Edmond Dumont 1881–1897 : Isidore-Joseph du Rousseaux 1897–1915 : Carolus Gustavus Walravens 1915–1924 : Amédée Crooy 1924–1939 : Gaston-Antoine Rasneur 1940–1945 : Luigi Delmotte 1945–1948 : Etienne Carton de Wiart 1948–1977 : Charles-Marie Himmer 1977–2002 : Jean Huard 2003–2025 : Guy Harpigny 2025 - present: Frédéric Rossignol, C.S.Sp.

References