Voskoboinikov or Voskoboynikov () is a Russian masculine surname, its feminine counterpart is Voskoboinikova or Voskoboynikova. It may refer to Dmitri Voskoboynikov (1941–2001), Russian volleyball player Oleg Voskoboynikov (born 1971), Kazakh football player Vladimir Voskoboinikov (born 1983), Estonian football player