Cedar Paul, née Gertrude Mary Davenport (1880 – 18 March 1972) was a singer, author, translator and journalist.Who Was Who
Biography Gertrude Davenport came from a musical family: she was the granddaughter of the composer George Alexander Macfarren and the daughter of the composer Francis William Davenport (1847–1925). She was educated at convent schools in Belgium, France, Italy and England, and studied music in Germany.
She was a member of the Independent Labour Party from 1912 to 1919, and Secretary of the British Section of the Women's International Council of Socialist and Labour Organizations from 1917 to 1919. She married Eden Paul, and from 1915 onwards was active - under the name of Cedar Paul - as a translator and writer in collaboration with her husband. The pair became members of the Communist Party of Great Britain,The Labour Who's Who, 1927 and Cedar served on the executive committee of the Plebs League in the 1920s.Chris Wrigley, A.J.P. Taylor: radical historian of Europe, I. B. Tauris, 2006, p.37 Together with Lyster Jameson, the Pauls made "strenuous attempts [...] to develop psychology" as a component of working-class education in the Plebs League.J. McIlroy, 'Independent working-class education and trade union education and training', in R. Fieldhouse (ed.) A History of Modern British Adult Education (Leicester, 1996), pp.271-3 However, some working-class League members resented them:
The Pauls were extraordinarily prolific translators in the interwar years, translating a range of socialist and psychotherapy works, as well as novels, particularly historical novels. They were the official translators for Stefan Zweig and Emil Ludwig, and their other translations from German included works by Karl Marx, Rudolf Hilferding, Karl Jaspers, Rudolf Brunngraber, and Heinrich von Treitschke. However, they also translated work from French, Italian (including a work by Robert Michels) and Russian (including works by Joseph Stalin, and Georgi Plekhanov, and Mikhail Lermontov's A Hero of Our Time).
After Eden Paul's death in 1944, Cedar Paul published only a small number of translations under her own name. She found herself in serious debt and experienced dire poverty, living in a caravan.
Works
Translations undertaken with Eden Paul History of Germany in the nineteenth century by Heinrich von Treitschke, 1915–19. Translated from the German. Political parties; a sociological study of the oligarchical tendencies of modern democracy by Robert Michels. New York, Hearst's International Library Co., 1915. Translated from the Italian. The twentieth century Molière: Bernard Shaw by Augustin Frédéric Hamon. London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1915. Translated from the French. The diary of a French private, war-imprisonment, 1914-1915 by Gaston Riou. London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1916. Translated from the French. The sexual crisis: a critique of our sex life by Grete Meisel-Hess. New York: Critic and Guide Co., 1917. Translated from the German. Heredity, disease and human evolution by Hugo Ribbert. New York: Critic and Guide Co., 1918. Translated from the German. Boehm-Bawerk's Criticism of Marx by Rudolf Hilferding. Glasgow : Socialist Labour Press, [1919.] Translated from the German. The spirit of Russia : studies in history, literature and philosophy by T. G. Masaryk. London : Allen & Unwin; New York : Macmillan, 1919. Translated from the German. 2 vols. Suggestion and autosuggestion : a psychological and pedagogical study based upon the investigations made by the new Nancy School by Charles Baudouin. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd, 1920. Translated from the French. A new school in Belgium by A. Faria de Vasconcellos, with an introduction by Adolphe Ferrière. London: G. G. Harrap & Co., 1919. Translated from the French. Karl Marx by Achille Loria. London, G. Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1920. Translated from the Italian. The Forerunners by Romain Rolland. New York: Brace & Howe, 1920. Translated from the French Les Précurseurs (1919). The industrial development of Palestine by Nahum Wilbuschewitsch. [London]: Trade and Industry Dept. of the Central Bureau of the Zionist Organisation (London), 1920. Translated from the German. A young girl's diary (anon., prefaced with a letter by Sigmund Freud). New York: T. Seltzer, 1921. Translated from the German Tagebuch eines halbwüchsigen Mädchens. Psychoanalysis and sociology by Aurel Kolnai. London: George Allen & Unwin, 1921. Letters from prison: with a portrait and a facsimile by Rosa Luxemburg. Berlin : Pub. House of the Young International, ©1921, t.p. 1923. Translated from the German. In Days to Come by Walther Rathenau. London: G. Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1921. Translated from the German. Casanova's homecoming by Arthur Schnitzler. New York: Private printing for subscribers only, 1921. 1,250 copies printed. Translated from the German. Romain Rolland; the man and his work by Stefan Zweig. New York, T. Seltzer, 1921. Translated from the original manuscript. Studies in psychoanalysis; an account of twenty-seven concrete cases preceded by a theoretical exposition. Comprising lectures delivered in Geneva at the Jean Jacques Rousseau institute and at the Faculty of letters in the university by Charles Baudouin. New York: Dodd, Mead and Co., 1922. Translated from the French. The ABC of Communism: a popular explanation of the program of the Communist Party of Russia by Nikolai Bukharin and Yevgeni Preobrazhensky. [S.l.] : Communist Party of Great Britain, 1922. Translated from the Russian. The restoration of agriculture in the famine area of Russia: being the interim report of the State Economic Planning Commission of the Council for Labour and Defence of the Russian Socialist Federal Soviet Republic. London: Labour Publishing Co., 1922. Translated from the Russian. Psychoanalysis and sociology by Aurel Kolnai. New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1922. Translated from the German Psychoanalyse und Soziologie. Zur Psychologie von Masse und Gesellschaft (1920). History of Switzerland, 1499-1914 by Wilhelm Oechsli. Cambridge University Press, 1922. Translated from the German. Jeremiah, a drama in nine scenes by Stefan Zweig. New York: T. Seltzer, 1922. Translated from the author's revised German text. Through dictatorship to democracy by Klara Zetkin. Glasgow : Socialist Labour Press, [ca. 1922]. Translated from the German. The power within us by Charles Baudouin. New York: Dodd, Mead and Co., 1923. Translated from the French Vitamins; a critical survey of the theory of accessory food factors by Ragnar Berg. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1923. Translated from the German. The dominant sex; a study in the sociology of sex differentiation by Mathilde and Mathias Vaerting. New York, George H. Doran Co., . Translated from the German Weibliche Eigenart im Männerstaat und die männliche Eigenart im Frauenstaat. Contemporary studies by Charles Baudouin. London: G. Allen & Unwin Ltd., . Translated from the French. Psychoanalysis and aesthetics by Charles Baudouin. New York: Dodd, Mead, 1924. Translated from the French Le Symbole Chez Verhaeren. The inner discipline by Charles Baudouin and Alexandre Lestchinsky. New York: Holt, 1924. Translated from the French. The new theories of matter and the atom by Alfred Berthoud. London: G. Allen & Unwin; New York: Macmillan, . Translated from the French. Labour's alternative: the United States of Europe or Europe limited by Edo Fimmen. London, Labour Pub. Co., 1924. Translated from the German. Love in children and its aberrations; a book for parents and teachers by Oskar Pfister. New York: Dodd, Mead and Company, 1924. Translated from the German. The remaking of Russia by Kurt Wiedenfeld. London: Labour Pub. Co., 1924. Translated from the German. Sigmund Freud, his personality, his teaching, & his school by Fritz Wittels. London: G. Allen & Unwin, . Translated from the German. Passion and pain by Stefan Zweig. London, Chapman and Hall, 1924. Translated from the German. Psychological healing: a historical and clinical study by Pierre Janet. London: G. Allen & Unwin; New York: Macmillan, . 2 vols. Translated from the French Médications psychologiques By airplane towards the North pole; an account of an expedition to Spitzbergen in the summer of 1923 by Walter Mittelholzer. London: G. Allen & Unwin Ltd., . Translated from the German. An end to poverty by Fritz Wittels. London: G. Allen & Unwin, 1925. Translated from the German Die vernichtung der not Napoléon by Emil Ludwig. New York, N.Y. : Boni & Liveright, 1926. Translated from the German. The eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte by Karl Marx. London: G. Allen & Unwin, . Translated from the German. Red money: a statement of the facts relating to the money raised in Russia during the general strike and mining lock-out in Britain by All-Russian Council of Trade Unions. London: Labour Research Dept., 1926. Napoleon and his women friends by Gertrude Aretz. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Co., 1927. Women and love by Bernhard Bauer. New York: Boni & Liveright, 1927. 2 vols. Translated from the German. The psychology of socialism by Hendrik de Man. New York: H. Holt and Co. . Translated from the second German edition. Bismarck; the story of a fighter by Emil Ludwig. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1927. Translated from the German. Night: a drama in five acts by Marcel Martinet. London: C.W. Daniel, 1927. Translated from the French. Karl Marx, man, thinker, and revolutionist; a symposium by David Riazanov. London: M. Lawrence, . Translated from the German and the Russian. Conflicts: three tales by Stefan Zweig. New York: The Viking Press, 1927. Translated from the German. Trenck, the love story of a favourite by Bruno Frank. New York: A.A. Knopf, 1928. Translated from the German. The Son of man: the story of Jesus by Emil Ludwig. New York: Boni & Liveright, 1928. Translated from the German. Capital, by Karl Marx. London: Allen & Unwin, 1928. Translated from the 4th German edition of Das Kapital. Leninism by Joseph Stalin. London: G. Allen & Unwin, [1928-33]. 2 vols. Translated from the Russian. History of the first International by Yuri Mikhailovich Steklov. London: M. Lawrence, . Translated from the 3rd Russian ed., with notes from the 4th ed. Adepts in self-portraiture: Casanova, Stendhal, Tolstoy by Stefan Zweig. New York: Viking Press, 1928. Translated from the German Master builders: an attempt at the typology of the spirit by Stefan Zweig. New York: Viking Press, 1928–1930. 2 vols. Translated from the German. Diana: a novel by Emil Ludwig. New York: Viking Press, 1929. Translated from the German. On Mediterranean shores by Emil Ludwig. London: G. Allen & Unwin, . Translated from the German. Joy in Work by Hendrik de Man. London, G. Allen & Unwin ltd. . Translated from the German Der Kampf um die Arbeitsfreude. Fundamental problems of Marxism by Georgi Plekhanov. London, M. Lawrence . Translated from Osnovnye voprosy marksizma, 2nd Russian ed. (Moscow, 1928). Karl Marx: his Life and Work by Otto Rühle. New York: The Viking press, 1929. Translated from the German. The wife of Steffen Tromholt by Hermann Sudermann. New York : H. Liveright, 1929. Translated from the German Die Frau des Steffen Tromholt. Lincoln by Emil Ludwig. Boston: Little, Brown and Co., 1930. Translated from the German. The Communist Manifesto by Karl Marx, with an introduction and explanatory notes by D. Ryazanoff [pseud.]. London : Martin Lawrence, . Text of the Manifesto translated from the German; remainder translated from the revised (1922) edition of Ryazanoff's The communist manifesto (in Russian). Types of economic theory by Othmar Spann. London : G. Allen & Unwin ltd., . Translated from the 19th German ed. Also published as The history of economics, New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.