Carlos Eugenio Restrepo Restrepo (September 12, 1867 – July 6, 1937) was a Colombian lawyer, writer, and statesman, who was elected President of Colombia in 1910.Gobernantes Colombianos, Ignacio Arismendi Posada, Interprint Editors Ltd., Italgraf, Segunda Edición, Page 159, Bogotá, Colombia, 1983 During his administration he worked towards making political reconciliation among the Conservative and Liberals. He appointed members of the Liberal Party to his Cabinet, and to the dismay of some of his own party, adopted a neutral stand on all issues. He later served as Minister of Government and Ambassador to the Vatican City State.
Early life
Family
Restrepo was born in the home of Cruzana Restrepo Jaramillo and Pedro Antonio Restrepo, a lawyer and nephew of José Félix de Restrepo. His father was the founder of the Municipality of Andes, in the south of Antioquia. He had two distinguished brothers: Nicanor, a merchant who served as president of the Departamental Assembly of Antioquia in 1924,Idem and Juan María, a distinguished theologian at the service of the Holy See.
Restrepo married Isabel Gaviria Duque on April 16, 1890.First Ladies of Colombia Together they had nine children: Tulia, Carlos Ignacio, Sofía, Margarita, Ana, Adolfo, Isabel, and Vicente.
Education
Restrepo went to school in Itagüí, and Medellín; he later attended the Institute of Higher Learning in what is now the Seminario Conciliar de Medellín.Guia Ilustrada de Medellín He studied Law, but had to suspend his studies at the age of 18, because of the raging Civil War in 1885. He was forced to teach himself the basics while also practicing in the law firm of his father and his business partner, Alejandro Botero Uribe, who would later become Minister of Government in 1909.
Professional career
Restrepo quickly became an avid and respected lawyer moving up in different ranks. He worked as a Public Inspector of Education in 1888. He then became a prosecutor in the Supreme Court of Antioquia, a Judge of the lower circuit of Antioquia, and finally the Attorney General for the Department of Antioquia in 1898.
He later became a professor in the Law Department of the University of Antioquia, and also became the University's Rector. He also participated in various charities, he helped established the Colombian Red Cross in Medellín, became president of the Society of Saint Vincent de Paul in Colombia, and founded the Society for the Improvement of Public Works in Medellín in 1901.Biblioteca Virtual de Antioquia
Military career
Restrepo sided with the conservative party when he volunteered to fight in the civil war known as the Thousand Days' War (1899–1902). He served as Chief of Staff of the Army under the command of General Pedro Nel Ospina.Gobernantes Colombianos, Ignacio Arismendi Posada, Interprint Editors Ltd., Italgraf, Segunda Edición, Page 160, Bogotá, Colombia, 1983Colombian Air Force Website
Political career
Restrepo was a member of the Colombian Conservative Party.
In 1904, General Rafael Reyes had decreed the creation of the "Cámara de Comercio de Medellín" (Chamber of Commerce of Medellín), to be presided by the Governor of Antioquia. On January 23, 1905, 26 members to the Board of Directors were elected, among them Alonso Angel, Ricardo Restrepo, Carlos Uribe, Apolinar Villa and Carlos E. Restrepo.Historia de Antioquia, Jorge Orlando Melo, Editorial Presencia Ltd, Primera Edición, Page 250, Bogotá, Colombia, November, 1988
He was elected to the House of Representatives of Colombia in 1909.
On March 13, 1909 he founded the Unión Republicana or Republican Union, a political party that emphasized political reconciliation, Republican values, modernization, and National identity. He took his Republican ideas from the French writer and critic Émile Faguet,Orientación Republicana By Carlos Eugenio Restrepo (1917) of whom he would later write a biography. This political movement had the support of prominent members of both Conservatives and Liberals like, José Vicente Concha, Pedro Nel Ospina and Miguel Abadía, from the Colombian Conservative Party and Nicolás Esguerra, Benjamín Herrera and Enrique Olaya from the Colombian Liberal Party.Website of the Presidency of Colombia
In 1910, General Ramón González Valencia had convened the National Assembly. Two conservative candidates were nominated to become the future President of Colombia: Restrepo and José Vicente Concha. On July 15, 1910, the election took place and Restrepo obtained 23 votes and Concha 18. Thus, Restrepo was inaugurated as President on August 7, 1910, succeeding General González Valencia.
Writer and Journalist
Restrepo was also involved in journalism and he collaborated in many magazines and newspapers of Antioquia, such as La Miscelánea (1888, 1905),Historia de Antioquia, Jorge Orlando Melo, Editorial Presencia Ltd, Primera Edición, Page 511, Bogotá, Colombia, November, 1988 Lectura y Arte (1903), Alpha (1906, 1907, 1908, 1910) and "el Diario de Pedro",Historia de Antioquia, Jorge Orlando Melo, Editorial Presencia Ltd, Primera Edición, Page 512, Bogotá, Colombia, November, 1988 with articles of political, literary, and religious subjects, and also helped with some translations. He worked as the editor in chief of El Correo de Antioquia, where he created a contest to help give music to the Anthem of Antioquia.COMFAMA, frequently asked questions
Restrepo also founded and directed "Colombia" in 1891,Historia de Antioquia, Jorge Orlando Melo, Editorial Presencia Ltd, Primera Edición, Page 515, Bogotá, Colombia, November, 1988 which was a newspaper severely censured by the bishops of the Catholic Church as they considered most dangerous due to its anticlerical and pro-lay stands and teachings.Historia de Antioquia, Jorge Orlando Melo, Editorial Presencia Ltd, Primera Edición, Page 145, Bogotá, Colombia, November, 1988 In 1897, he also established the newspaper "el Montañés".Historia de Antioquia, Jorge Orlando Melo, Editorial Presencia Ltd, Primera Edición, Page 506, Bogotá, Colombia, November, 1988
He worked in poetry and wrote an extensive number of essays and lettersCorrespondencia Enviada por Carlos E. Restrepo a Marco Tobón Mejía to friends and family due to the lack of local newspapers to express his opinions. Some of his works are:
A mi hija Tulia (1893) Defensa en verso, de la mujer antioqueña (1894) (Under the pseudonym W. Ll. de Ch.) Los versos de Enrique W. Fernández (1896) Un héroe oscuro (1903) Risa trágica (1905) El saltimbanqui, el primero de los personajes colombianos (1906) Emilio Faguet (1916), Lo que enseña la vida maravillosa de Pasteur (1916) M. Tobón Mejía: un hombre y un artista (1917) Orientación Republicana (1917) (1930) Los neófitos (1917) Gregorio Gutiérrez González: la simbiosis del poeta y la tierra (1926) Pedro Justo Berrío, o el sentir común, la probidad y el carácter (1927)
Elections of 1910
Initially, Restrepo refused to run for the presidential candidature, and he did not have the support from the rest of the Representatives of Antioquia for his solid stand on Republicanism. However, there were a growing number of members who gave their support to Restrepo for fear of war against Peru, for his solid law background, and for his eloquence as an orator. There was also a need for new figures to take the lead, especially representatives from Antioquia, who had been left out of the presidential rotation. For all of these reasons, Restrepo was quickly included as a Presidential Candidate in the National Assembly of 1910, along with Guillermo Quintero Calderón, and José Vicente Concha.
On July 15, 1910 The National Assembly elected the 42‑year‑old Restrepo to assume the Presidency of Colombia.Historia de Antioquia, Jorge Orlando Melo, Editorial Presencia Ltd, Primera Edición, Page 149, Bogotá, Colombia, November, 1988 Restrepo had won the election with 23 votes in his favor against 18 votes for his contender José Vicente Concha. He became the first Antioquian to be elected to preside over the country. His victory was a surprise to many who considered him just a journalist, and more surprisingly yet, was his victory on both sides of the aisle winning the majority on both parties.
Restrepo was elected with no vice president as the National Assembly that had convened that summer had replaced the vice presidential post with that of a Designado, someone with no executive office or powers, who would, in the case of the president's death or inability to assume power, would then assume the presidency.
On August 7, 1910, Restrepo became the 12th President of Colombia succeeding the incumbent Ramón González Valencia, for the term 1910-1914.
Presidency 1910–1914
Domestic policy
During his presidency, Restrepo was known as Monsieur VetoHechos y comentarios: NOVA ET VETERA By Eduardo Rodríguez Piñeres for his common practice of vetoing any bill he deemed not in favor of the nation. Some of the policies that took place during Restrepo's mandate were the abolition of the capital punishment, the annual meeting of Congress, the installment of life pensions for retired teachers, and the constructions of various hospitals in the Caribbean Region to combat tropical diseases.
Restrepo received the country with grave fiscal problems. There was a deficit of COP$3.5 millions to COP$4 million. The new president forced the collection of taxes and reduced government spending, achieving an end to the deficit in less than a year; by 1911 there was a surplus. The Economy of Colombia was improved with the raise of taxes and the raise in the price and exports of coffee.Un siglo de conflictos, conjuras y escándalos [www.viva.org.co/herramientas/Herra067.pdf]
The administration prohibited the new emission of banknotes, and he reinstated the Gold and Silver standard.LA CONVERSION DEL PAPEL MONEDA (1906 - 1922)
He reformed the Colombian National Police, introducing the Fingerprinting system, the creation of the first Judicial Body of the National Police, the first training academy, the Police marching band, and the official magazine of the National Police. He also helped establish a financial aids program for the families of fallen police officers.Policia Nacional de Colombia
Creation of new territorial administrations To address the growing concern of Colombia in relation to its borders, and with the help of the National Census of 1912, the Colombian government created the Intendencia of San Andres y Providencia and the Comisarías of Caquetá, and VichadaDecreto Nº 523 del 3 de junio de 1913, Ibid to reinstate Colombia's claim on these territories from the UPCA, Peru, and Venezuela respectively. These territories were later made into Departments following the Constitutional changes of 1991.
Foreign policy
Colombia's Foreign relations during the administration of Restrepo were marked by the continued threat of a Peruvian invasion into Colombian territory, and continued resentment towards the United States for its involvement in Panama. Restrepo, conscious of Colombia's weak military power towards these aggressors, tried to solve matters diplomatically.
President Restrepo had four Ministers of Foreign Affairs during his presidency, they were in order, Enrique Olaya, José María González Valencia, Pedro Maria Carreño, and Francisco José Urrutia.Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores
Relations with Peru