The bitterling-like cyprinids form the cyprinoid family Acheilognathidae. This family contains seven genera, although the Khanka spiny bitterling is often placed in Acheilognathus, and at least 75 described species to date. Over half of the species are in the genus Acheilognathus.
Genera Acheilognathidae contains the following genera: Acheilognathus Bleeker, 1859 Paratanakia Chang, Chen & Mayden, 2014 Pseudorhodeus Chang, Chen & Mayden, 2014 Rhodeus Agassiz, 1832 Sinorhodeus Li, Liao & Arai, 2017 Tanakia D. S. Jordan & W. F. Thompson, 1914
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