Toyouke-hime

is the deity (kami) of food and grain in Japan. Originally enshrined in the Tanba Province, it is said she was called to reside at the of Ise Shrine in the 5th century, during the reign of Emperor Yūryaku, to offer sacred food to Amaterasu, the ruling kami and sun goddess. She is worshipped as a secondary kami at Chōkaisan Ōmonoimi Shrine.

While now popular as Toyouke-Ōhmikami, her name has been transcribed using Chinese characters in several manners including in the Kojiki, while there is no entry about her in the Nihon Shoki.

Several alternative transcription and names are attributed to this goddess including Toyouke-Okami, Toyouke-Ōmikami, , , , , and . A male and female pair thought to be identical to Toyouke-Ōhmikami: the god , who is enshrined on Mount Chōkai in Yamagata Prefecture, the northernmost post of the Yamato Kingship, and the goddess .

There is a separate shrine dedicated to called the inside the Gekū.

Mythology

In the Kojiki, Toyouke-hime is noted as the daughter of Wakumusubi and granddaughter of Izanami. After the tenson kōrin, she became enshrined in the “outer shrine in Watarai”. The in her name refers to food, making her the kami of food and grains. This is why she has come to be conflated with Inari Ōkami and Ukanomitama in the same way as other food-related kami such as Ōgetsu-hime (Ukemochi).

The head priest of Toyouke Daijingu submitted to the Department of Divinities in 804, in which it is told that Toyouke-hime had originally been in Tanba Province. It records that Amaterasu came to Emperor Yūryaku in a dream and told him she alone was not able to supply enough food and needed him to bring , the kami of divine food, from Manai Pond in Hiji Village, Tanba Province.

In the lost fudoki is a story explaining the origin of in which eight heavenly women were bathing in Manai Pond atop the hill Hijiyama in Hiji Village, Tanba Province. An elderly couple then hides one of the women's clothes, preventing her from returning to the heavenly realm. The woman lives in the elderly couple’s home for a while making sake that cures all ills, but she is chased from the house after about ten years. After wandering for some time, she settles in Nagu Village. This woman is , another name for Toyouke-hime.

Another lost fudoki, , tells that was on the mountain of Inakuradake in Settsu Province for a short time. Faith and rituals The original location In Mineyama Town, Kyōtango, Kyoto prefecture, there is a well and a story of the now lost half-moon-shaped rice paddy . They are believed to be the site where Toyouke had soaked rice seeds to encourage germination and planted the first rice. The is mentioned in Engishiki dating back to Heian period, as literally meaning the Garden of Rice Paddies. That ancient place name is thought to have changed over time to Taba (location of rice paddies), then to .

On the slope of the Kuji Pass, there is a shrine dedicated to Ōkami, as well as Hoi no dan, the ruin of a sacred well Ame no manai of Takamagahara: That well was entered both in Kojiki and Nihonshoki, and was also the highest title given to water bodies. The shrine's auspicious spirit is said to be in the , which has been worshiped as .

There is a shrine named Moto-Ise in Ōemachi, Fukuchiyama City to the south of Naiku of Moto-Ise uphill the Funaokayama. Its name literally means former Ise, where the priesthood has been inherited by Kawada clan, the further relative of the Fujiwara clan.

Amaterasu and Toyouke Emperor Sujin appointed imperial daughter as a Saiō to serve "as a cane for Amaterasu" to find a new location to reside, and dispatched Toyosuki-iri to travel from present day Nara to neighboring areas. It is said that on the route, several locations hosted the spirit of Amaterasu by building her shrines, while Tango had the first of such shrines among the list of relocation sites. The shrines which Amaterasu as their main kami are: Geku, Ise Jingu (Ise, Mie Prefecture), Nagusha (Kyōtango, Kyoto prefecture), Okumiya Ama no manai Shrine, Kono jinja (Miyazu, Kyoto prefecture), and (Kyōtango).

In addition, Toyouke-Ōmikami is worshiped at many branches of Ise shrines called Shinmei shrines, along with Amaterasu, and separate shrines are often built on the property of Toyouke-Ōmikami regular shrines. There are also Inari shrines where they build altars for Toyouke as well.

According to the discipline of Ise Shintō (Watarai Shintō) originated by a priest at Geku named , Toyouke-Ōmikami is recognized as the first divine being which appeared in this world. In their idea, Toyouke is also identical to Ame no minakanushi and Kuni no tokotachi. In this sect of Shinto, Geku, or the shrine of Toyouke-Ōmikami, is treated as ranking higher than Naiku, or the shrine of Amaterasu. Central to this argument was the association of Toyouke with the elemental force of water, whose relationship to the sun deity Amaterasu, linked to fire, was expressed through paired equivalences of water and fire, yin and yang, and sun and moon. Watarai Ieyuki set out these ideas most fully in his 1320 treatise Ruiju Jingi Hongen, drawing on an earlier core of texts known collectively as the Shintō Gobusho ("Five Books of Shinto").

Omonoimi

is the God of Chōkaisan Ōmonoimi Shrine and Mount Chokai. There are shrines that enshrine Omonoiminokami in various other places in the Tohoku region, including .

Omonoimi no kami is considered a possible alternate name to

He is associated with industrial growth.

Every time Mount Chōkai erupted his rank increased.

See also Honji suijaku List of Japanese deities Ukemochi

Footnotes Notes

References

Bibliography Originally published in 1954.

Toyouke-hime

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