Sierra Cristal National Park () is a national park, the first national park created in Cuba, established by presidential decree on 24 April 1930. It occupies mountainous terrain in Holguín Province in eastern Cuba.
Geography It is located in the municipalities of Mayarí and Sagua de Tánamo in southern Holguín Province It consists of mountainous terrain in the Sierra Cristal, a part of the Nipe-Sagua-Baracoa mountain range. It covers an area of . Cristal Peak (Pico Cristal) is the highest point in the park, with an elevation of .
Flora and fauna Pine forests dominate, especially the Cuban pine (Pinus cubensis), which can reach a height of in this area. There are also ferns, orchids, and mahogany and cedar trees.
There are many bird species in residence, such as the Cuban trogon (Cuba's national bird), the bee hummingbird (the smallest known bird), the Cuban parrot, and possibly the ivory-billed woodpecker (though it was last seen in Cuba in 1987 and may be extinct).
The endangered Cuban solenodon (Solenodon cubanus), a small, shrew-like mammal and the hutia, a moderately large rodent, can be found here.
Conservation The park was created by presidential decree on 24 April 1930, initially covering an area of , to protect the flora and fauna, but in 1958 it was acknowledged that little had been done in the way of conservation.
A research center established in 1988 in Pinares de Mayarí monitors the ecology of the region.
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