China Railway CRH1

The CRH1 is a group of electric multiple units operated by China Railway under the Hexie brand (). The trains were built in Qingdao, Shandong, by Bombardier Sifang (Qingdao) Transportation, a joint venture between Bombardier Transportation and Sifang. The class entered passenger service on 1 February 2007.

Despite the shared CRH1 designation, the trains belong to two substantially different Bombardier design lineages. The CRH1A and CRH1B are derived from the regional Regina C2008, while the original CRH1E sleeper is derived from the Zefiro 250. The division by platform does not coincide exactly with the change in body material: the original CRH1A and CRH1E used stainless-steel carbodies, whereas the later CRH1A-250 (CRH1A–A) and new-generation sleeper designs use aluminium.

The Chinese Ministry of Railways ordered the Regina-based trains for regional intercity services as part of the same procurement programme as the Shinkansen-based CRH2A and Pendolino-based CRH5A. By August 2005, two batches totalling 40 eight-car CRH1 trainsets were on order. In July 2010, a further 40 eight-car CRH1A trains were ordered.

Although the Regina platform originated as a regional train, CRH1-family sets have also worked long-distance services lasting many hours. In April 2017, a daytime sleeper service from Shanghai to Chengdu used a 16-car CRH1E and was scheduled to take 12 hours 58 minutes; the previous fastest journey had taken 14 hours 23 minutes.

Variants

CRH1A CRH1A and CRH1B are based on Bombardier's Regina family. The train was jointly adapted by Sifang and Bombardier from the C2008 design developed in Västerås, Sweden.

Each CRH1A set consists of eight cars. The first batch (CRH1-001A to CRH1-040A) had two first-class coaches (ZY), five second-class coaches (ZE) and one combined second-class and dining car (ZEC). The second batch (CRH1-081A to CRH1-120A) had two first-class coaches, one combined first- and second-class coach (ZYE), four second-class coaches and one combined second-class and dining car. The CRH1A has a design speed of , although the initial 40 sets were software-limited to in service.

The first unit, CRH1-001A, was delivered on 30 August 2006,2006年8月30日 BSP 第一列EMU 动车组出厂 and CRH1A sets entered passenger service on the Guangzhou–Shenzhen railway on 1 February 2007. Passenger facilities differed substantially between batches. A 2016 comparison reported that second-class seatbacks on the original CRH1A were not adjustable and that power sockets were provided only in the first-class sections of cars 1 and 8. The CRH1A-250 introduced adjustable seatbacks and a socket beneath every row of seats. A 2025 passenger guide likewise noted that some CRH1A and CRH1B second-class coaches may have no passenger outlets, while first-class outlets are overhead.

In July 2010, the Ministry of Railways ordered an additional 40 CRH1A sets, with the top operating speed increased to . During testing on the Qinhuangdao–Shenyang passenger railway in September 2010, CRH1-081A reached .

On 1 July 2014, the numbering format changed from to CRH1A-1xxx; subsequently built sets used the new format from delivery.

CRH1A-A

In September 2012, the Ministry of Railways revised its Zefiro contract, substituting 106 eight-car Zefiro 250 and Zefiro 250NG trainsets for the cancelled 16-car Zefiro 380 sets. The CRH1A-250/CRH1A–A is an aluminium-bodied Zefiro 250NG development rather than a stainless-steel Regina derivative.

CRH1B On 31 October 2007, the Ministry of Railways ordered 20 CRH1B trainsets (CRH1-041B to CRH1-060B) as part of a €1 billion order for 40 16-car trains, including 20 sleepers. The CRH1B is a 16-car, higher-capacity development of the CRH1A, comprising three first-class coaches (ZY), 12 second-class coaches (ZE) and one dining car (CA). Its maximum operating speed is . The type entered commercial service between Shanghai and Nanjing, and between Shanghai and Hangzhou, in April 2009.

On July 23, 2011, CRH1-046B was hit on ZY104600 car by CRH2-139E in Yongtaiwen PFL accident.

CRH1E

On 31 October 2007, the Ministry of Railways ordered 20 CRH1E trainsets (CRH1-061E to CRH1-080E) as the sleeper portion of the 40-train contract. The first-generation CRH1E is a stainless-steel, 16-car sleeper train based on Bombardier's Zefiro 250 platform, not an extended Regina design. The train was styled by Zagato. Each of the first 12 sets comprised one luxury sleeper (WG), 12 soft sleepers (WR), two second-class coaches (ZE) and one dining car (CA). The first CRH1E was delivered in October 2009 and entered service between Beijing and Shanghai on 4 November 2009. Fifteen first-generation CRH1E sets were delivered; three had the luxury sleeper replaced with a standard soft-sleeper car. Five additional new-generation sleeper sets were subsequently ordered.

CRH1E-NG

The CRH1E-NG ("new generation"), also known as CRH1E-250, was ordered in December 2015 to supplement the first-generation CRH1E fleet. It uses the Zefiro-derived nose introduced on the CRH1A–A and an aluminium-alloy carbody in place of the original CRH1E's stainless-steel construction. Each 16-car set has ten motor cars and six trailers, a power output of 11,000 kW and a maximum operating speed of 250 km/h; the maximum test speed is 280 km/h.

The five sets comprise 80 cars and were designed for overnight service with sleeping-berth interiors. Bombardier described them as combining modular concepts with technology proven in the earlier fleet.

CRH380D

The CRH380D is derived from the Zefiro 380 very-high-speed platform and is not a direct derivative of the Regina-based CRH1A and CRH1B. Its design speed is . The eight-car sets are numbered CRH380D-1501 to CRH380D-1585.

Formation

Power Destination M – Motor car T – Trailer car C – Driver cabin P – Pantograph

Coach Type ZY – First Class Coach ZE – Second Class Coach ZYE – First Class/Second Class Coach ZEC – Second Class Coach/Dining Car ZYT – First Class/Premier Coach ZET – Second Class/Premier Coach ZYS – First Class/Business Coach ZES – Second Class/Business Coach WR – Soft Sleeper Car WRC – Soft Sleeper/Dining Car WG – Luxury Sleeper Car

CRH1A & CRH1A–A CRH1A-1081～1085, 1091～1093, 1105, 1110～1116, 1120, and CRH1A-1121～1166, information is currently missing. Coach No.12345678Type ZY ZE ZEC ZE ZYType ZYS ZE ZEC ZE ZYS Type ZY ZE ZEC ZYE ZE ZYType(CRH1A–A) ZY ZE ZEC ZE Power Configuration Mc TP M T M TP McPower Units Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Capacity 72 101 24 101 72 Capacity 57 101 24 101 68 Capacity 64 92 24 92 64 Capacity 64 92 24 77 92 64 Capacity(CRH1A–A) 48 90 77 63 90 65 Set Nº. 1001～1012、1014～1016、1018、1167、1168 Set Nº. 1013、1017、1019～1020 Set Nº. 1021～1040 Set Nº. 1086～1090、1094～1104、1106～1109、1117、1119 Set Nº. 1169～1228、1234～1260

CRH1B Coach No.12345678910111213141516 Type ZE ZEC ZE ZY Power Configuration MC TP M TP M T M T M TP M TP MC Power Units Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Capacity 79 92(56) 92 72 64 Capacity 68 93 (58) 93 79 75 54 Set Nº. 1041～1060 Set Nº. 1076～1080

CRH1E Coach No.12345678910111213141516 Type ZE WR ZEC WG WR ZE Type ZEC WR Type(CRH1E-NG) WRC WG WR Power Configuration Mc TP M TP M T M T M TP M TP Mc Power Units Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Capacity 61 40 (58) 16 40 61 Capacity(58) 40 Capacity(CRH1E-NG) 55 12 55 Set Nº. 1061～1072 Set Nº. 1073～1075 Set Nº. 1229～1233 (This model is based on the CRH1A-A and sometimes informally called "CRH1E-NG" or "CRH1E-250".)

CRH380D Coach No.12345678Type ZYT ZE ZEC ZE ZE ZETType ZYS ZE ZEC ZESPower Configuration Mc TP M T M TP McPower Units Unit 1 Unit 2 Unit 3 Capacity 6+32 84 45+14 84 81 84 6+50 Capacity 5+28 85 75 63 85 85 5+40 Set Nº. 1501～1510 Set Nº. 1511～1585

Distribution As of April 2018, 260 CRH1 series EMU and 85 CRH380D series EMU are in service.

Operator Quantity Serial number Depot Lines servingNotes CR Guangzhou221001-1020, 1167-1168Guangzhou EastGuangzhou–Shenzhen Railway, Guangzhou–Zhuhai Intercity Railway, Guangshengang XRL311086-1090, 1094–1104, 1106–1109, 1117–1119, 1123–1124, 1141–1143, 1154, 1165–1166Shenzhen NorthHangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed RailwayCR Nanchang181121, 1122, 1125–1140FuzhouHangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway, Longyan–Xiamen Railway, Xiangtang–Putian Railway171147-1153, 1155-1164Fuzhou South171081-1085, 1091–1093, 1105, 1110–1116, 1120Xiamen NorthCR Chengdu231021-1040, 1144-1146Chengdu EastChengdu–Dujiangyan Intercity Railway, Dazhou–Chengdu Railway, Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu High-Speed Railway, Chongqing–Lanzhou Railway CR Guangzhou41169, 1234-1236Guangzhou EastGuangzhou–Shenzhen Railway91170-1176, 1217-1218Shenzhen NorthHangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway161177, 1179–1181, 1183–1184, 1209–1216, 1248, 1250SanyaHainan Eastern Ring High-Speed Railway, Hainan Western Ring High-Speed Railway331182, 1219–1228, 1237–1247, 1249, 1251-1260FoshanGuiyang–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway, Nanning–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway, Chongqing–Guiyang high-speed railway, Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu high-speed railway, Chengdu–Chongqing intercity railwayCR Nanchang241185-1208Fuzhou SouthHangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway, Longyan–Xiamen Railway, Hefei–Fuzhou High-Speed Railway CR Shanghai131052-1059, 1076-1080NanxiangShanghai–Hangzhou High-Speed Railway, Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway, Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu High-Speed Railway111041-1045, 1047–1051, 1060HangzhouNanjing–Hangzhou High-Speed Railway, Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu High-Speed Railway, Shanghai–Hangzhou High-Speed Railway, Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed RailwayChina Railway11046Retired Written off after Wenzhou train collision, Cars 1-12 are used as a training train whereas Cars 13-16 were scrapped due to derailment. CR Shanghai201061-1075, 1229-1233NanxiangShanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu High-Speed Railway, Shanghai–Hangzhou High-Speed Railway, Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway, Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link, Nanning–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway CR Chengdu131538-1545, 1550, 1552–1553, 1555, 1557Chongqing NorthChengdu–Chongqing Intercity Railway221546-1549, 1554, 1556, 1558–1560, 1563–1564, 1567–1568, 1571–1572, 1578-1584Chengdu East21537, 1551Guiyang NorthChengdu–Chongqing Intercity Railway, Chongqing–Guiyang high-speed railway, Shanghai–Kunming High-Speed RailwayCR Shanghai481501-1536, 1561–1562, 1565–1566, 1569–1570, 1573–1577, 1585Shanghai NanxiangNanjing–Hangzhou High-Speed Railway, Shanghai–Nanjing Intercity Railway, Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway, Shanghai–Kunming High-Speed Railway

China Railway CRH1

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